TCC Técnico em Química

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https://repositorio.ifal.edu.br/handle/123456789/294

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A importância do treinamento e conscientização no uso de EPIs em laboratórios
(2025) Fernandes, José Mackson Vasconcelos; Silva, Marina de Magalhães; Silva, Marina de Magalhães; Barbosa, Amaury Franklin Benvindo; Souza, Felipe Thiago Caldeira
Safety in laboratory environments is an essential factor for the protection of professionals against chemical, biological and physical risks. In this context, the appropriate use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) plays a central role in the prevention of accidents and contamination. This study aims to conduct a literature review on the importance of safety in laboratories, emphasizing the need for training and awareness regarding the correct use of PPE. The studies evaluated indicate that the lack of adequate training, as well as non-compliance with safety standards, significantly increases the likelihood of accidents. In addition, the relevance of Regulatory Standards (NRs) is highlighted as essential instruments to ensure a safe work environment in compliance with the required standards, highlighting NR26, which deals with safety signage and the classification of chemical products. It is concluded that the implementation of continuous training programs, combined with strict monitoring of the use of PPE, is essential for mitigating risks and promoting the safety of professionals working in laboratories.
Processo de geração de vapor em caldeiras de biomassa
(2025) Gonçalves, Walify Santos; Cabral, Mirelle Márcio Santos; Santos, Mirelle Márcio Santos; Souza, Felipe Thiago Caldeira de; Santos, Renan Anatázio dos
This paper presents a study on the steam generation process in a water-tube boiler fed with sugarcane bagasse for the production of superheated steam, operating under a pressure of 30 kgf/cm². This study aims to analyze the main factors that affect the efficiency of a steam generation system, with emphasis on the influence of fuel moisture, the air/fuel ratio, and the role of auxiliary equipment. The methodology adopted combined a literature review of technical and scientific references with practical observation of boiler operation in an industrial environment. The methodology combined a bibliographic review of technical and scientific references with practical observation of the boiler’s operation in an industrial energy efficiency, since part of the heat released during combustion is used to evaporate the water contained in the fuel. To overcome this limitation, it is necessary to operate with excess air, ensuring more complete combustion and reducing pollutant emissions. It was also observed that auxiliary devices, such as the deaerator, economizer, and feedwater pumps, are essential to optimize performance and ensure operational safety. The study concludes that the efficiency of the system depends not only on the fuel quality but also on proper stoichiometric control and the implementation of automation technologies, which allow real-time adjustments of operating conditions. Therefore, the research highlights the importance of biomass-fired water-tube boilers as a feasible and sustainable alternative for the sugar-energy sector.
Cogeração de energia nas usinas sucroalcooleiras através do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar
(2025) Silva, Jadilson Soares da; Santos, Taciana do Nascimento; Santos, Taciana do Nascimento; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Chaves, Taciana Carneiro
The growing demand for sustainable energy sources has driven the development of technologies that leverage renewable resources. The cogeneration of energy in sugar and ethanol mills, using sugarcane bagasse, stands out as an efficient and environmentally friendly solution. This work aims to highlight the importance of cogeneration in the Brazilian energy matrix, contributing to the reduction of dependence on fossil sources and promoting sustainability. Additionally, it addresses the economic and environmental relevance of this process, which is becoming increasingly essential in a scenario that seeks clean alternatives. Within this context, some concepts related to the main components, equipment, and biomass used will also be discussed.
Avaliação dos parâmetros de qualidade da água do riacho Boacica
(2025) Santos, Lucas do; Souza, Felipe Thiago Caldeira de; Souza, Felipe Thiago Caldeira de; Cabral, Mirelle Márcio Santos; Santos, Wellinghton
El agua de buena calidad es esencial para la salud, el medio ambiente y el progreso sostenible. El agua limpia previene enfermedades, preserva el equilibrio de los ecosistemas y garantiza la producción segura de alimentos. Es importante preservarla para tener una vida más saludable y que el futuro de nuestro planeta sea más habitable. De esta forma, el artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la calidad del agua del Riacho Boacica en el Poblado Ipiranga, municipio de Igreja Nova - AL, evaluando parámetros como pH, turbidez, dureza, amoníaco total, amoníaco tóxico, oxígeno disuelto y nitrito. Además, busca identificar y describir los parámetros de calidad del agua según la Ordenanza nº 2.914/2011 y nº 888, de 4 de mayo de 2021, utilizados para hacer que esta agua sea potable. La metodología adoptada, que incluye una combinación de revisión bibliográfica, investigación de campo e investigación experimental, proporcionando un análisis exhaustivo y detallado, incluye la recolección de muestras de agua en un único punto del arroyo, seguida de análisis para medir los parámetros de calidad mencionados. La evaluación minuciosa de los indicadores de calidad del agua proporcionó una visión completa, señalando conformidades y desviaciones con respecto a los estándares definidos. Entre los criterios evaluados, la turbidez se destacó como el factor más crítico, superando considerablemente el límite permitido, lo que indica la necesidad de intervenciones en el tratamiento. Sin embargo, los índices de pH, dureza, amoníaco total y tóxico, oxígeno disuelto y nitrito se mantuvieron dentro de los límites recomendados, lo que indica una situación general propicia para el consumo humano y la conservación del medio ambiente.
Relatório de estágio supervisionado: laboratórios de química do Ifal campus Penedo
(2025) Silva, Chirlayne Maria da; Souza, Felipe Thiago Caldeira de; Souza, Felipe Thiago Caldeira de Souza; Barbosa, Amaury Franklin Benvindo Barbosa; Santos , Wellinghton
Supervised internship is a crucial requirement in the technical chemistry course, as it allows students to correlate theoretical and practical activities, fostering their human and professional development to prepare them for the workforce. The supervised internship was conducted in the chemistry laboratories of the Federal Institute of Alagoas, Penedo Campus, involving various tasks such as setting up and monitoring practical classes, inventory management, laboratory organization, and student support. These activities were aimed at students from technical courses in chemistry (integrated and subsequent), technical environmental management (integrated), and the industrial chemistry undergraduate program, across different disciplines, with the goal of linking theory to practice. This professional experience provided essential skills and knowledge for a chemistry technician, as well as a realistic simulation of a work environment.
Impactos ambientais causados pelo descarte inadequado de pilhas e baterias
(2022) Santos Júnior, Ronaldo dos; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Barbosa, Amaury Franklin Benvindo; Silva, Kleyfton Soares da; Santos, Renan Atanazio dos
Faced with the increasing advancement of technology, the production of cells and batteries has grown continuously. However, in their compositions they present highly toxic components called heavy metals, so when they are incorrectly discarded, they cause contamination in the environment and human health. Thus, this work aimed to show the impacts caused by the incorrect disposal of the same. The methodology involved research using articles, academic dissertations, journals and websites. A literature review was carried out between January and April 2022, in the following database: Google Scholar. With improper disposal, contact with moisture, water, heat and other chemicals is enough for toxic components to leak and mass contamination ensues. Taking as an example the environmental accident that happened in Bauru in 2002, where 314 children were contaminated by lead, causing blood lead and irreparable damage. In Brazil, there are currently some projects aimed at correct disposal, an example of which is recycling. In most treatment processes, a sorting takes place, with the aim of treating each type of electronic waste. This procedure (recycling) is promising and can be applied in serval places.
Teoria e prática: uma proposta de Sequência Didática utilizando microscópio caseiro no ensino de ciências
(2022) Santos, Rayane Lima dos; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Silva, Kleyfton Soares da; Nascimento, Raul César da Silva
The search for meaningful learning continues to be a challenge for many teachers, who need to plan their classes with the objective of achieving teaching that meets the needs of students. This work aimed to propose a didactic sequence for the teaching of "cytology" in the 1st year of high school, based on the Theory of Didactic Situations (TSD), having as a starting point the use of a homemade microscope. The methodology involved a qualitative and bibliographical research, seeking to suggest a teaching model based on TSD, which consists of the application of four phases: action, formulation, validation and institutionalization. The proposal is promising and can be applied in different curricular contents.
Proposta de reciclagem das cascas de camarão descartadas às margens do Rio São Francisco em Piaçabuçu como instrumento de conscientização e preservação ambiental
(2022) Santos, Amanda Beatriz Mendes dos; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Barbosa, Amaury Franklin Benvindo Barbosa; Costa, Danielle de Lima
Piaçabuçu, inland in the southern region of Alagoas, stands out as an important fishing center in the state. In the municipality, a good part of the population survives from the processing of shrimp coming from artisanal fishing and from nurseries. However, after the shrimp are processed, the waste is thrown on the banks of the São Francisco River. The environmental impact that this practice can generate motivated the present work. This work aimed to present ways to reuse shrimp shells mitigating the environmental impact. The methodology involved research using articles, academic dissertations, journals and websites. In search of alternatives for the use of shrimp processing residues. Several proposals for the reuse of shrimp shells have emerged with the aim of using it. The manufacture of flour presents itself as a viable option due to its simple synthesis methodology, which can be carried out in an high nutritional value and can be used as animal feed. The proposal is promising and can be applied in several fishing communities.
Utilização racional da água em hidroponia de baixo custo como instrumento de conscientização e preservação ambiental
(2022) Ferreira, Almira Silva; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Lenz, Tiago de Moraes; Dantas, Emerson de Oliveira
The water crisis is one of the main problems that human beings face nowadays, being one of the most reported issues internationally. Thus, making it necessary to search for alternatives aimed at sustainable agriculture, hydroponics, a soilless cultivation technique, seeks a way to mitigate the problems of water scarcity in agriculture, and can be implemented in places with little availability of water resources and thanks to its low cost, it can be mounted on small properties and/or residences. Given the above, the main objective of this work is to analyze and explain, based on bibliographic reviews, issues and factors related to the rational use of water in low-cost hydroponics as an instrument of awareness and environmental preservation. For this, a micro-scale, experimentation of a homemade hydroponic system for the cultivation of coriander was carried out. With the studies, we concluded that the cultivation by the hydroponic system proved to be viable, profitable and mainly contributed to environmental conservation in terms of saving water and not using pesticides.
O benefício da matéria orgânica no plantio da cana-de-açúcar
(2021) França, Vicktória Maria Ferreira de; Santos, Taciana Nascimento dos; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Santos, Taciana do Nascimento; Medeiros, Vanessa Daiany Vieira
Soils have layers made up of sand, clay, rock fragments, organic matter and microorganisms, which develop and often have the capacity to provide plants with the nutrients necessary to obtain good productivity. Therefore, fertilization aims to complement this nutritional need, its implementation to the soil and quality of the crop that was planted. In view of the above, the present work aims to expose the benefits that organic fertilizer brings to the planting of sugar cane, to the soil, the environment, the consumer and the farmer. The type of organic fertilizer targeted by the research was cattle manure, which consists of decomposed ox excrement, a fertilizer widely used by farmers, both in the planting of grasses and in other types of crops, as it is a material that can adapt to the needs of all types of soil depending on its irrigation. Organic fertilizer is the name given to a set of decomposed residual matter, having both animal and vegetable origins. Where its application, in addition to benefits, has a low cost. With the study, it was possible to verify the importance of knowing the types of fertilizers, where they are best implemented and best benefit the crop that was planted.
Avaliação e compartivo de metodologias empregadas na construção civil para o aproveitamento do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar
(2022) Lima, Jonathan Aleixo dos Santos; Nascimento, Jeilma Rodrigues do; Nascimento, Jeilma Rodrigues do; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Santos, Wellinghton Santos
Due to the need to seek references in the various areas on the use of renewable and sustainable materials for the production process in civil construction, the use of ash deposition, as well as the need to reduce the use of materials in civil construction and environmental impacts caused for its extraction. This research brings a comparison between scientific studies that aim to minimize environmental impacts through the use of ashes from the sugarcane production process and its adjacent ones, in order to point out which ones had better results and, consequently, may be more favorable to replace the sand and cement in the civil construction process, generating a chain of positive impacts on the environment and on society as a whole. As a result, the research that had the best performance among those observed, in addition to concluding that sugarcane bagasse ash (CBC) tends to gain even more relevance in the market because it is a new aspect in production. with reusable and lower cost materials and according to the evaluation criterion, it was identified that article number 6 ("Analysis of mortars made with sugarcane bagasse ash to replace the fine aggregate" by Sofia Araújo Lima Bessa) has the best results given the low margin of error and satisfactory results in the analyzed aspects.
Importância do controle de qualidade na produção de açúcar
(2025) Gomes, Thaís dos Santos; Cabral, Mirelle Márcio Santos; Cabral, Mirelle Márcio Santos; Silva, Wcleuton Oliveira; Santos, Lenilson de Almeida
This study examined the effect of applying quality control to sugar production in Brazil, focusing on ISO 9001 and ISO 22000 certification. In Brazil, particularly in the Northeast, the sugar industry plays a crucial role in economic and social progress, making it crucial to implement quality standards to ensure competitiveness and food safety. The study was carried out through an integrative literature review, selecting 17 articles related to the subject. These articles cover the history of the sugar industry, the stages of the production process and quality certifications. The results indicate that the implementation of quality control, combined with international certifications, has a positive impact on improving productivity, adherence to health standards and competitiveness in the global market. The study concluded that strict control and certifications are essential for the expansion of exports and consumer confidence, as well as reinforcing the sustainability of the Brazilian sugar-alcohol sector.
A reutilização dos resíduos da cana-de-açúcar para produção do etanol de 2ª geração
(2022) Marques, Evyllin Sabrina Ciriaco; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Cunha , Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Leitão, Ana Laura Oliveira de Sá; Dória, Bruna Maria Ferrari Machado
Currently, the world is in a scenario with a significant increase in the demand for ethanol. At the same time, Brazil stands out as one of the countries with the greatest technological evolution regarding the manufacture of second-generation ethanol (E2G), a biofuel that limits the negative consequences on the environment. Following this bias, the present research is carried out due to the need for the use of fuels by the current society and aims to discuss, through a bibliographic survey, about the production of E2G through sugarcane residues, thus emphasizing the importance of bagasse and sugarcane straw during this process, by-products that stand out for being the most used in this process in Brazil. In addition, the steps of manufacturing second- generation ethanol are described: pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation. Finally, with a sustainable purpose, at the end of the bibliographic survey and description of the manufacturing steps, the production of 2G ethanol is carried out.
Impactos causados pela queima na cultura da cana-de-açúcar no estado de Alagoas: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
(2024) Santos, Jadson Farias; Chaves, Taciana Carneiro; Chaves, Taciana Carneiro; Góis , Geórgia Nayane Silva Belo; Silva, Marina de Magalhães
The adaptability and transformation capacity of the sugarcane industry in Brazil has kept the culture as an important economic sector, being responsible for millions of jobs as well as foreign exchange for the country, whether in the export of traditional sugar or the modern ethanol fuel. During the various phases of development of this industry, some environmental impacts have been triggered. In this context, this study aimed to conduct an integrative literature review on the impacts caused by the burning of sugarcane in the state of Alagoas. Searches were carried out in electronic databases such as: (1) Science Direct; (2) Lilacs; (3) Scopus; (4) Scielo; (5) Google Scholar; (6) OATD (Open Access Theses and Dissertations); (7) BDTD (Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations); (8) La Referencia Red de Repositorios de Acceso Abierto a la Ciencia; (9) NDLTD (Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations); and (10) BASE (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine). After searching the literature on the impacts caused by burning in sugarcane culture in the state of Alagoas, 600 published works were identified. Among the 600 works, only 11 were eligible to compose the integrative review study. In general, most of the eligible studies were developed by the Federal University of Alagoas. Additionally, it was observed that the expansion of monoculture has led to rural exodus, land concentration, and biodiversity loss. Despite technological advances adopted by sugar mills to mitigate these impacts, such as the reuse of waste and the adoption of more sustainable agricultural practices, the challenges of ensuring environmental and social sustainability remain. This study reinforces the importance of a more integrated and sustainable production model that considers not only economic benefits but also environmental and social effects, promoting a better quality of life for local communities and contributing to the preservation of natural resources.
Produção de etanol no estado de Alagoas: descrevendo a situação real
(2024) Felix, Gustavo Santos; Chaves, Taciana Carneiro; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Chaves, Taciana Carneiro; Dacal, Ruth Germaine Vrijdags
The state of Alagoas, located in the Northeast region of Brazil, has a long-standing tradition in the cultivation of sugarcane and the production of first-generation sugar and ethanol. The state comprises 23 municipalities that have plants dedicated to ethanol production. However, this sector faces various challenges and opportunities: the sugar-energy industry in Alagoas struggles with issues such as low sugarcane productivity and a lack of investment in technology and infrastructure; nevertheless, it seeks to adapt to new market demands and environmental requirements. Ethanol production in Alagoas was traditionally based on the use of sugarcane juice, which is fermented and distilled to obtain the biofuel. Currently, corn is also used as a raw material, with Cooperativa Pindorama, located in the municipality of Coruripe, being the first plant in the state of Alagoas to produce ethanol from corn. Thus, to describe the ethanol production situation in the state, the general objective was to present the historical and current context of ethanol production in Alagoas, highlighting its challenges and its economic, social, and environmental importance for the state. To achieve these objectives, a descriptive research methodology with a qualitative approach was adopted, describing the historical and current context of the state. Based on the collected information, it is possible to conclude that the ethanol production sector in Alagoas is in a consolidated and efficient stage, although some complications still exist.
Estudo sobre a possível utilização do aço microligado hardox na construção de moendas
(2023) Fernandes, Naely Paula Santos; Medeiros, Vanessa Daiany Vieira; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Santos, Taciana do Nascimento
In Brazil, the sugar-energy industry plays an important role in the economy, as it is responsible for 2% of the Brazilian GDP. Among the products made available by this industry are sugar and ethanol. To obtain these products, it is necessary to extract the juice from sugarcane (the main raw material), which takes place in the milling stage. The materials from which the mill components are made must have some characteristics to make the milling process efficient. Studies on alternative materials are being carried out in order to reduce costs in the maintenance stages. One of the materials analyzed is Steel-Hardox, which has a positive cost-benefit ratio, as it has the characteristic of extending its useful life. This article aims to study and present the benefits attributed to the application of Hardox steel in the construction of mills where the use of Hardox steel demonstrates that it has the potential to cause a reduction in downtime for maintenance, contributing to a positive cost-benefit relationship, since that with fewer stops there is a reduction in production costs.
Fabricação do cimento
(2022) Ferreira, Allyson Yan Farias; Nascimento, Raul César da Silva; Nascimento, Raul César da Silva; Cabral, Mirelle Márcio Santos; Santos, Wellinghton
Present work aims to show all stages of manufacturing and importance of cement. Cement is the most used material created by man in the world, so we can see that its existence is very important for the development of a society through the construction of basic sanitation, houses, schools, etc. Cement is linked to all this, where it is basically produced from limestone and clay materials, which are extracted from nature through mining, going to the industry by road transport until reaching the destination where it is stored in piles. This form of storage already makes a homogenization of the materials, transforming it into agical, then it is taken to the mills for crushing, reducing granulometry of agical until it becomes a fine flour called raw flour. This material is transported to be heated in the cyclone tower where it goes to a blast furnace, raising its temperature even more. Then there is the formation of clinker. This is because the high temperature causes a pre-fusion of raw flour, leaving it in the form of small stones that will later be crushed in a mill. At this stage, additives are added according to cement specifications, such as iron ore, blast furnace slag, gypsum, among others. Everything is ground and stored in silos so the product can be bagged or sold in bulk.
Análise e métodos de conservação do leite de coco
(2022) Santos, Maria Eduarda dos; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Santos, Elisângela Costa; Cabral, Mirelle Márcio Santos
Food preservation methods are the most important part of the processes for the food industry, because whit the proper application of these methods, the shelf life of foods extends longer than they normally would without these procedures. In the manufacture of Coconut Milk, the importance of these methods is doubled, as it is a natural food that has a high content of moisture and lipids, factors that are the biggest cause of losses in the production of coconut milk. This is a report of a supervised internship carried out at the company Incoco, referring to the analysis and conservation methods (harvesting in ideal time, careful handling, washing, removal of the Copra properly, laboratory analyses, formulating the milk with the ideal amount of additives, correct packaging, baling and correct storage) as a crucial point in the production of coconut milk. The efficiency of the application of all the methods in the product is visibly noticed by its consumption and by its shelf life, therefore the methods are allowed to be introduced to the product.
Análise físico-química do mel de abelha produzido pela Associação Amapin no município de Igreja Nova - AL
(2024) Santos, Geovana Estefany dos; Silva, Marina de Magalhães; Silva, Marina de Magalhães; Leão, Maurício de Andrade; Chaves, Taciana Carneiro
For hundreds of years, bee honey has been explored by humans and used as a natural food that is extremely beneficial for health and has a high nutritional content. Brazil is one of the countries that produces the most honey, this high production is due to flora and climate variation, essential factors for its production. The municipality of Igreja Nova, belonging to the state of Alagoas, located in the northeast region of the country, presents conditions that contribute to beekeeping practices, but the lack of studies on the subject means that producers have difficulty characterizing this product. In this sense, the present work aimed to analyze the bee honey produced by one of the beekeepers of the Associação de Meliponicultores e Apicultores de Igreja Nova (AMAPIN). To this end, the parameters determined were: pH, humidity, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity and reducing sugars. The samples had a pH varying between 4.3 and 6.7. For SST's, the samples presented values that corroborate the literature. For humidity, honey samples from July to October showed a high concentration of water, while those from November and December were in accordance with the standard. For acidity values, all were within the limits established by legislation and in relation to the concentration of reducing sugars, none of the samples were within the required limits, which may be related to several factors, including the floral origin of the nectar and the premature harvest. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the honey analyzed was of good quality, despite not following all the standards established by legislation, referring to Normative Instruction Nº. 11, dated 10/20/2000 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply – MAPA.
A contribuição da química analítica na elucidação de crimes
(2025) Aureliano, Anne Adrielle Calheiros Aureliano; Silva, Marina de Magalhães; Silva, Marina de Magalhães; Nascimento, Amanda Luise Alves; Barbosa , Amaury Franklin Benvindo
Crimes represent complex challenges for security and justice systems, requiring rigorous scientific methods for the elucidation and accountability of those involved. Analytical Chemistry plays a crucial role in the detection and identification of chemical substances and traces, using methods such as mass spectrometry, chromatography, and DNA analysis. This work investigates the relationship between Analytical Chemistry and forensic investigation, highlighting how analytical techniques are applied in solving crimes. The study addresses, through a literature review, the main forensic methodologies, focusing on their contributions to crime scene reconstruction and the collection of precise evidence. The research aims to understand how these tools assist the justice system by improving the reliability of forensic results in criminal investigations. The results demonstrate the relevance of analytical techniques in consolidating scientific evidence. It was found that the accuracy and specificity of the methods contribute to more effective investigations. The application of these tools strengthens the connection between science and justice.

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