TCC Técnico em Química

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https://repositorio.ifal.edu.br/handle/123456789/294

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Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 87

O benefício da matéria orgânica no plantio da cana-de-açúcar
(2021) França, Vicktória Maria Ferreira de; Santos, Taciana Nascimento dos; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Santos, Taciana do Nascimento; Medeiros, Vanessa Daiany Vieira
Soils have layers made up of sand, clay, rock fragments, organic matter and microorganisms, which develop and often have the capacity to provide plants with the nutrients necessary to obtain good productivity. Therefore, fertilization aims to complement this nutritional need, its implementation to the soil and quality of the crop that was planted. In view of the above, the present work aims to expose the benefits that organic fertilizer brings to the planting of sugar cane, to the soil, the environment, the consumer and the farmer. The type of organic fertilizer targeted by the research was cattle manure, which consists of decomposed ox excrement, a fertilizer widely used by farmers, both in the planting of grasses and in other types of crops, as it is a material that can adapt to the needs of all types of soil depending on its irrigation. Organic fertilizer is the name given to a set of decomposed residual matter, having both animal and vegetable origins. Where its application, in addition to benefits, has a low cost. With the study, it was possible to verify the importance of knowing the types of fertilizers, where they are best implemented and best benefit the crop that was planted.
Agrotóxicos: impactos na agricultura alagoana
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2021-10-22) Nascimento, Alailson Araújo do; Oliveira, André Luiz dos; Oliveira, André Luiz dos; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Chaves, Taciana Carneiro
Agriculture is of significant importance to the economy of Alagoas, but its expansion generates an indiscriminate use of pesticides, causing impacts on agricultural practices and on the population of the state. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of pesticides and use agrarian practices with natural foods, in order to generate a better quality of life. I this regard, on the massive use of pesticides in agroecosystems, as well as the consequent impacts of this type of product on the environment and society, this monograph objectifies the need for legislative sanitary actions consistent with the control, assistance to populations and exposed agricultural areas to pesticides. This is a literature review study in the State of Alagoas, with information from the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and the Agricultural Defense and Inspection Agency of Alagoas (ADEAL). The largest sector in agriculture in Alagoas, sugarcane, which occupies 453 thousand ha, was observed the use of pesticides such as herbicides, fungicides and insecticides, the chemical group of glycines, bipyridyls, strobilurins and neonicotinoids, causing environmental problems and diseases. Some inconsistencies were identified on the inspection of health policies, however the exemption from the Tax on the Circulation of Goods and Provision of Services (ICMS) allowed greater freedom of use, making them common, directly implying the better development of agricultural activities in the economy of Alagoas, above all there is sustainable production free of pesticides, organic agriculture, which is part of family farming, thus allowing for a natural handling of food as well as improving the quality of human and environmental life.
Importância da simulação para a eficiência de produção na indústria sucroalcooleira
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2021-12-17) Costa, Daniel Rodrigues de Oliveira da; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Santos, Taciana do Nascimento
Simulation within the industry consists of defining, thinking about formulating, developing a functional specification, which cannot be applied in different situations. This work presents, through a literature review, the importance of simulation for the sugar and ethanol industry and addresses points for this industry, with an increasingly fierce confrontation by the productive sector in the globalized market. The method can be a powerful ally, including many automation and control benefits of all methods of global leveling up and expansion in efficiency parameters. A complete automated system generates a high degree of investment, but provides long-term benefits. It appears that most of the tools produced have already adopted alternative methods of using resources, equipment and planning and process control needs aimed at optimizing processes and products. It is expected that the method will be formalized within the sugar-alcohol industry, so that the procedures and processes are systematized in the manipulation and transformation of, helping to strengthen the production planning manipulation methods, decisions in the information manipulation process work tool option.
Parâmetros da fermentação alcóolica: estudo de caso na condução do processo fermentativo em uma destilaria de Alagoas
(2022) Vieira, Nilzaiane Alves; Souza, Felipe Thiago Caldeira; Souza, Felipe Thiago Caldeira; Santos, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante
Alcoholic fermentation, a biochemical process used to produce ethanol, is carried out mainly by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (Yeast), where under anaerobic conditions sugars such as glucose and fructose (which come from sugarcane juice or from hydrolysis sucrose) are converted by a process called glycolysis. In this context, the work aims to evaluate the fermentation parameters in a distillery in Alagoas through data obtained from a sugar and alcohol plant located in the Baixo São Francisco region. The data obtained in the 2020/2021 crop year were tabulated and studied, comparing them with the parameters found in articles and books. In general, the analyzed parameters are consistent with literature data promoting an efficient fermentation process for ethanol production. In addition, it was observed that the values of the parameters studied vary throughout the season, requiring efficient monitoring to avoid problems in the fermentation medium.
Análise e métodos de conservação do leite de coco
(2022) Santos, Maria Eduarda dos; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Santos, Elisângela Costa; Cabral, Mirelle Márcio Santos
Food preservation methods are the most important part of the processes for the food industry, because whit the proper application of these methods, the shelf life of foods extends longer than they normally would without these procedures. In the manufacture of Coconut Milk, the importance of these methods is doubled, as it is a natural food that has a high content of moisture and lipids, factors that are the biggest cause of losses in the production of coconut milk. This is a report of a supervised internship carried out at the company Incoco, referring to the analysis and conservation methods (harvesting in ideal time, careful handling, washing, removal of the Copra properly, laboratory analyses, formulating the milk with the ideal amount of additives, correct packaging, baling and correct storage) as a crucial point in the production of coconut milk. The efficiency of the application of all the methods in the product is visibly noticed by its consumption and by its shelf life, therefore the methods are allowed to be introduced to the product.
Fabricação do cimento
(2022) Ferreira, Allyson Yan Farias; Nascimento, Raul César da Silva; Nascimento, Raul César da Silva; Cabral, Mirelle Márcio Santos; Santos, Wellinghton
Present work aims to show all stages of manufacturing and importance of cement. Cement is the most used material created by man in the world, so we can see that its existence is very important for the development of a society through the construction of basic sanitation, houses, schools, etc. Cement is linked to all this, where it is basically produced from limestone and clay materials, which are extracted from nature through mining, going to the industry by road transport until reaching the destination where it is stored in piles. This form of storage already makes a homogenization of the materials, transforming it into agical, then it is taken to the mills for crushing, reducing granulometry of agical until it becomes a fine flour called raw flour. This material is transported to be heated in the cyclone tower where it goes to a blast furnace, raising its temperature even more. Then there is the formation of clinker. This is because the high temperature causes a pre-fusion of raw flour, leaving it in the form of small stones that will later be crushed in a mill. At this stage, additives are added according to cement specifications, such as iron ore, blast furnace slag, gypsum, among others. Everything is ground and stored in silos so the product can be bagged or sold in bulk.
Avaliação e compartivo de metodologias empregadas na construção civil para o aproveitamento do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar
(2022) Lima, Jonathan Aleixo dos Santos; Nascimento, Jeilma Rodrigues do; Nascimento, Jeilma Rodrigues do; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Santos, Wellinghton Santos
Due to the need to seek references in the various areas on the use of renewable and sustainable materials for the production process in civil construction, the use of ash deposition, as well as the need to reduce the use of materials in civil construction and environmental impacts caused for its extraction. This research brings a comparison between scientific studies that aim to minimize environmental impacts through the use of ashes from the sugarcane production process and its adjacent ones, in order to point out which ones had better results and, consequently, may be more favorable to replace the sand and cement in the civil construction process, generating a chain of positive impacts on the environment and on society as a whole. As a result, the research that had the best performance among those observed, in addition to concluding that sugarcane bagasse ash (CBC) tends to gain even more relevance in the market because it is a new aspect in production. with reusable and lower cost materials and according to the evaluation criterion, it was identified that article number 6 ("Analysis of mortars made with sugarcane bagasse ash to replace the fine aggregate" by Sofia Araújo Lima Bessa) has the best results given the low margin of error and satisfactory results in the analyzed aspects.
A reutilização dos resíduos da cana-de-açúcar para produção do etanol de 2ª geração
(2022) Marques, Evyllin Sabrina Ciriaco; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Cunha , Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Leitão, Ana Laura Oliveira de Sá; Dória, Bruna Maria Ferrari Machado
Currently, the world is in a scenario with a significant increase in the demand for ethanol. At the same time, Brazil stands out as one of the countries with the greatest technological evolution regarding the manufacture of second-generation ethanol (E2G), a biofuel that limits the negative consequences on the environment. Following this bias, the present research is carried out due to the need for the use of fuels by the current society and aims to discuss, through a bibliographic survey, about the production of E2G through sugarcane residues, thus emphasizing the importance of bagasse and sugarcane straw during this process, by-products that stand out for being the most used in this process in Brazil. In addition, the steps of manufacturing second- generation ethanol are described: pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation. Finally, with a sustainable purpose, at the end of the bibliographic survey and description of the manufacturing steps, the production of 2G ethanol is carried out.
Impactos ambientais causados pelo descarte inadequado de pilhas e baterias
(2022) Santos Júnior, Ronaldo dos; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Barbosa, Amaury Franklin Benvindo; Silva, Kleyfton Soares da; Santos, Renan Atanazio dos
Faced with the increasing advancement of technology, the production of cells and batteries has grown continuously. However, in their compositions they present highly toxic components called heavy metals, so when they are incorrectly discarded, they cause contamination in the environment and human health. Thus, this work aimed to show the impacts caused by the incorrect disposal of the same. The methodology involved research using articles, academic dissertations, journals and websites. A literature review was carried out between January and April 2022, in the following database: Google Scholar. With improper disposal, contact with moisture, water, heat and other chemicals is enough for toxic components to leak and mass contamination ensues. Taking as an example the environmental accident that happened in Bauru in 2002, where 314 children were contaminated by lead, causing blood lead and irreparable damage. In Brazil, there are currently some projects aimed at correct disposal, an example of which is recycling. In most treatment processes, a sorting takes place, with the aim of treating each type of electronic waste. This procedure (recycling) is promising and can be applied in serval places.
Proposta de reciclagem das cascas de camarão descartadas às margens do Rio São Francisco em Piaçabuçu como instrumento de conscientização e preservação ambiental
(2022) Santos, Amanda Beatriz Mendes dos; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Barbosa, Amaury Franklin Benvindo Barbosa; Costa, Danielle de Lima
Piaçabuçu, inland in the southern region of Alagoas, stands out as an important fishing center in the state. In the municipality, a good part of the population survives from the processing of shrimp coming from artisanal fishing and from nurseries. However, after the shrimp are processed, the waste is thrown on the banks of the São Francisco River. The environmental impact that this practice can generate motivated the present work. This work aimed to present ways to reuse shrimp shells mitigating the environmental impact. The methodology involved research using articles, academic dissertations, journals and websites. In search of alternatives for the use of shrimp processing residues. Several proposals for the reuse of shrimp shells have emerged with the aim of using it. The manufacture of flour presents itself as a viable option due to its simple synthesis methodology, which can be carried out in an high nutritional value and can be used as animal feed. The proposal is promising and can be applied in several fishing communities.
Utilização racional da água em hidroponia de baixo custo como instrumento de conscientização e preservação ambiental
(2022) Ferreira, Almira Silva; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Lenz, Tiago de Moraes; Dantas, Emerson de Oliveira
The water crisis is one of the main problems that human beings face nowadays, being one of the most reported issues internationally. Thus, making it necessary to search for alternatives aimed at sustainable agriculture, hydroponics, a soilless cultivation technique, seeks a way to mitigate the problems of water scarcity in agriculture, and can be implemented in places with little availability of water resources and thanks to its low cost, it can be mounted on small properties and/or residences. Given the above, the main objective of this work is to analyze and explain, based on bibliographic reviews, issues and factors related to the rational use of water in low-cost hydroponics as an instrument of awareness and environmental preservation. For this, a micro-scale, experimentation of a homemade hydroponic system for the cultivation of coriander was carried out. With the studies, we concluded that the cultivation by the hydroponic system proved to be viable, profitable and mainly contributed to environmental conservation in terms of saving water and not using pesticides.
Teoria e prática: uma proposta de Sequência Didática utilizando microscópio caseiro no ensino de ciências
(2022) Santos, Rayane Lima dos; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Silva, Kleyfton Soares da; Nascimento, Raul César da Silva
The search for meaningful learning continues to be a challenge for many teachers, who need to plan their classes with the objective of achieving teaching that meets the needs of students. This work aimed to propose a didactic sequence for the teaching of "cytology" in the 1st year of high school, based on the Theory of Didactic Situations (TSD), having as a starting point the use of a homemade microscope. The methodology involved a qualitative and bibliographical research, seeking to suggest a teaching model based on TSD, which consists of the application of four phases: action, formulation, validation and institutionalization. The proposal is promising and can be applied in different curricular contents.
Utilização do coco na fabricação de alimentos e análise de qualidade na indústria Copaíba
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-02-24) Santos, José Reinaldo dos; Santos, Elisangela Costa; Santos, Elisangela Costa; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante
The coconut tree is an aracaceae palmaceae plant that belongs to the coconut genus, contains a historical, cultural, gastronomic record and also in the food industries such as dry coconut in natura, generating income and jobs for the population. The history of the fruit is summarized with its arrival in the State of Bahia from Cape Verde, among other seeds, earning the name of coco-da-baía and initially spreading to the northeastern coast, where the three main national producers are: Bahia, Sergipe and Ceará. In Brazil, the coconut tree is cultivated with the aim that the fruits reach the agro-industry so that foods such as grated coconut, coconut milk, coconut oil and coconut water are produced. The Cooperativa dos Agricultores Familiares e Empreendimentos Solidários – COOPAÍBA, where the internship took place, has coconut as its main raw material, where foods such as dehydrated coconut flour, coconut milk and coconut oil are manufactured. For this reason, the present report aims to explain the origin of the fruit in Brazil, the coconut culture in Brazil, survey, gastronomy and the entire process from obtaining the raw material to the arrival of the fruit in the industry for the manufacture of food and clarify the entire process of physical-chemical analysis with the purpose of having food quality control.
Balanço hídrico aplicado ao cultivo da cana-de-açúcar na região dos tabuleiros costeiros de Alagoas
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-03-17) Melo, Ariane Barros; Wanderley, Lucas Suassuna de Albuquerque; Wanderley, Lucas Suassuna Albuquerque; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante
Objective: the present study aimed to determine the water requirement and calculate the weather risk for sugar cane in the Tabuleiros Costeiros region of Alagoas. Method: the water requirement of sugar cane was estimated using the Thornthwaite Water Balance (1948) and mapped using a geostatistical procedure. Results: it was found that there is significant variability in the water variability of soils in the region of Tabuleiros Costeiros de Alagoas, providing the existence of water surpluses and deficits throughout the seasons. Usually, the dry season occurs between the months of October to February and the surplus in the months of April to August. The spatialization of the water balance and the climatic risk classes suggests the existence of a pattern, with greater water deficit in the south of the study area, and greater water availability in the center north. Conclusion: the water balance of sugar cane showed that there are production limitations regarding climatic characteristics, which must be supplied with the use of adequate technologies, mainly from the rational use of water.
Impactos ambientais causados através da produção do etanol
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-03-18) Santos, Adrielle; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Tavares, Andrea Macleybiane; Silva, Wcleuton Oliveira
It is known that with the need for independence from oil and the search for fuels that were less polluting, the Proálcool was created, with the objective of encouraging the production of ethanol. Thus, ethanol is known to be a sustainable fuel alternative, in which it is generated from renewable sources. However, it is observed that during the production of ethyl alcohol some impacts to the environment are triggered. Therefore, this work aimed to analyze, through a literature review, the environmental impacts caused during each stage of agricultural and industrial production of ethanol. Therefore, impacts such as reduction in soil quality, soil and water bodies pollution by the exacerbated use of pesticides and fertilizers, in addition to atmospheric pollution and loss of biodiversity resulting from the burning, were identified, finally, soil and water pollution were also found due to incorrect disposal or uncontrolled use of residues and effluents from stages of the industrial process of manufacturing ethanol.
Cana-de-açúcar e a produção de etanol
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-03-18) Moreira, João Igor Andrade; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Cavalcante, Maria da Conceição Matos; Tavares, Andreia Macleybiane Gois
Thus, the objective of this work is to present the production of ethanol from sugarcane (Saccharum spp), its history in Brazil, cost reduction, ethanol production process, types of ethanol and by-products produced. Compared to other countries, Brazil has some advantages in ethanol production, such as mastery of the entire production process, plenty of land, skilled labor and worker safety. Usually, ethanol production involves the following steps: milling, juice treatment, fermentation and distillation and in some cases dehydration processes. The first generation of ethanol is a traditional system that produces ethanol from sugarcane juice, and which still leads the sugar and ethanol industry and its production by-products such as vinasse, bagasse and filter cake, which are of lower cost for the industry. As for anhydrous ethanol, in addition to the aforementioned stages, there is also the dehydration stage. Production is a positive perspective, given the increase in sales of flex-fuel vehicles, increased consumption and exports of sugar and ethanol, increased domestic consumption of anhydrous ethanol and hydrated and expansion of production, in this perspective it was possible to perceive the importance of the study of the sugar-alcohol area to understand how the process that transforms glucose into ethanol is carried out is of paramount importance.
A queima da palha da cana-de-açúcar e suas consequências ao meio ambiente e a população
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-03-18) Santos, Maria Laura dos; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; França, Márcio Abreu de; Cavalcante, Maria da Conceição Matos
The sugar and alcohol sector is responsible for producing sugar, alcohol, and other products through the use of sugarcane as raw material. The most used process before the sugarcane harvest is the burning of the cane field to facilitate the cutting and manual harvesting. The use of this practice brings with it some harmful consequences for both the environment and the health of society. Given the above, the present work aimed to understand the consequences of burning sugarcane straw, in addition to showing the risks caused to the health of the population during the harvest period and identifying the effects and changes caused to the environment. Given the study, it was found that the harvest method to be used is of paramount importance for the success of all production, and the mechanization of cutting brings more benefits to the soil and economy for the industry.
Segurança no trabalho na indústria sucroalcooleira
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-03-21) Alves, Carley Nery; Santos, Taciana do Nascimento; Santos, Taciana do Nasciemento; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Leitão, Ana Laura Oliveira de Sá
Safety at work is a topic of great socioeconomic relevance. Understood as the set of actions carried out by the company and the worker, with the aim of reducing damages and losses caused by aggressive agents, safety at work is guided by the search for improvements in the worker's working conditions. The obstacles and the complexity of the application of the legislation are related, above all, to the challenge of increasing the well-being and safety of the worker concomitantly with the increase of the productivity indexes. In the sugar and alcohol sector, the challenges are no less. The unsafe conditions of work in the field suggest the need to prepare people capable of facing and preventing accidents. In this context, the importance of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Collective Protection Equipment (EPC's) is foreseen from a legal point of view as the responsibility of the employer, who must adopt all necessary measures for the protection and safety of employees. In this sense, this study is guided by carrying out a theoretical survey on the topic of occupational safety in the sugar and ethanol industry.
Colheita mecanizada em função da proibição da queima prévia do canavial sob a perspectiva pandêmica
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-03-23) Souza, Deisiely dos Santos; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Leitão, Ana Laura Oliveira de Sá; Dória, Bruna Maria Ferrari Machado
In Brazil, the practice of prior burning of sugarcane is the result of much discussion, among them are its pros and cons. Aiming that for the sugarcane mill there are several advantages such as cost, efficiency, work for the residents, among others, for the environment and health, the subject is already quite different, especially in the pandemic situation that is found in the world where one of the most dangerous symptoms of the virus is shortness of breath. Thus, there is a law that is not yet being put into practice, which seeks to interfere with the demand for burning existing in the cane field using machinery for this harvesting sector, understanding as a solution to the problem of fauna, flora and people. Parallel to this, this work aims to highlight factors that are being harmed by burning, such as human health and the environment, both benefiting from the total adoption of mechanized harvesting that is about to occupy this space.
Processo de obtenção do açúcar refinado granulado através do açúcar VHP
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-03-23) Oliveira, Mirelly Barbosa Fontes de; Cabral, Mirelle Márcio Santos; Santos, Taciana do Nascimento; Santos, Taciana do Nascimento; Cabral, Mirelle Márcio Santos; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante
This report aims to present the stages of production of granulated refined sugar from VHP sugar, as experienced during an internship at Usina Caeté S/A – Marituba Unit, belonging to the Carlos Lyra group. The detailing of the process of obtaining refined granulated sugar was understood after experiencing the entire production process of the plant, from the manufacturing sector to the refinery, including the steps of physical-chemical analysis regarding the sugars produced. The analyzes were carried out in the company's industrial laboratory and encompass all stages of sugar refining, controlling the ideal parameters for liqueurs and cooked pasta, intermediate products of the production process, and the final product.

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