Teses e Dissertações defendidas no IFAL

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Navegando Teses e Dissertações defendidas no IFAL por Orientador "Araujo, Daniel de Magalhães"

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    A pesca de arrasto de camarões no Povoado Pontal do Peba, Piaçabuçu, Alagoas - Brasil: aspectos socioeconômicos e ambientais.
    (INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS - Ifal, 2023-07-25) Calazans, Elíne Monteiro; Tamano, Luana Tieko Omena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4206868438935017; Araujo, Daniel de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5837261784524743; Lima Filho, Adalberon Moreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5204293561529304; Romero, Renato de Mei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9857771457585862
    Shrimp play an extremely important role as fishery resources in the communities where they are present. In the Northeast region of Brazil, shrimp fishing is predominantly carried out by artisanal fishermen at different scales, and has a significant relevance in social, economic and cultural aspects. In the state of Alagoas, the artisanal capture of shrimp is predominantly carried out by means of motorized vessels that use the double trawling technique. The municipality of Piaçabuçu is currently the main center of fishing production in the state. The activity of motorized artisanal fishing directed to marine shrimp has been taking place in Pontal do Peba, Piaçabuçu, Alagoas, since 1960. This activity plays an important role in the community, providing livelihoods and income for local artisanal fishers. However, the lack of attention on the part of the social and political segments responsible for planning the region in relation to this sector of the regional economy is remarkable. The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the socioeconomic and environmental aspects related to shrimp trawling in Pontal do Peba, Piaçabuçu, Alagoas, Brazil. For this, qualitative and quantitative methods were used, such as interviews with the use of a semi-structured questionnaire, direct observations, photographic records and a field diary. The sampling technique adopted was Snowball Sampling, known as "snowball". Between June 2022 and January 2023, interviews were conducted with 43 fishermen. The fishing activity is artisanal in nature and is characterized by the involvement of the family. There was an exclusivity of men involved in the fishing activity itself, with the presence of women recorded only in the post-fishing stages. The general profile of the fishermen revealed a low level of education, a strong connection with the local fishing culture and a high dependence on fishing resources. Most respondents rely solely on fishing as a source of livelihood. Fisheries are carried out both during the day and at night and each trawl has an average duration of three hours. Fishermen work 8 to 12 hours a day, with an average of 10.6 hours (±1.4 hours). The majority of the interviewees (83.7%) stated that they do not own the vessels they use. The main form of conservation used during thefishery was ice. The results showed a high dependence of fishermen on middlemen. Among the environmental problems in the community, the fishermen cited: garbage disposal, lack of basic sanitation and turtle mortality. It was found that fishermen have varied environmental perceptions, while only (30.2%) recognize fishing as capable of causing impacts to the environment, most (69.8%) affirm that the activity is not capable of causing damage to the environment. Most fishermen (58.1%) reported noticing a significant decrease in the amount of shrimp caught in recent years. A significant group of interviewees (28.5%), despite understandingthe relevanceof the closure, believe that the established period is incorrect. Two main forms of processing have been identified for the shrimp caught: filleting and smoking. On the other hand, for the portion of fish of the accompanying fauna that is used, two techniques were mentioned: evisceration and salting-drying. The waste resulting from the processing of shrimp andfishis disposedof directly into the sea. In general, the need to include fishermen as active participants in decisions related to public policies aimed at the fishing sector, fisheries management and environmental conservation is highlighted.
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    Boas práticas de manipulação, condições higiênico-sanitárias e composição mineral de sururu (Mytella falcata) comercializado em feiras livres de Alagoas
    (INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS - Ifal, 2022-07-29) Lucena, Vívian da Silva Santos; Araujo, Daniel de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5837261784524743; Freitas, Johnnatan Duarte de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4999402869058858; Lopez, Ana Maria Queijeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4034568781881997; Tamano, Luana Tieko Omena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4206868438935017
    Sururu (Mytella falcata) is the main fishing resource of the Mundaú-Manguaba Estuarine- Lagoon Complex (MMELC), being a fundamental product for generating income for tens of thousands of families that live in the surroundings of the lagoons. In addition to its natural propensity to accumulate contaminants present in the aquatic environment, such as toxic metals, the handling of sururu is inadequate, from the subsequent stages of its collection to its disposal in the commercialization places. The present study aimed to carry out a diagnosis of good handling practices, hygienic-sanitary conditions and mineral composition of sururu in street markets in the municipalities bathed by the lagoons that make up the MMELC. For that, a checklist was prepared and applied to guide the observation of the hygienic conditions of the facilities, equipment and utensils used, handling and way of exposing the product, clothing and use of personal protective equipment, and waste disposal, among others, at the fairs in Maceió (Tabuleiro), Marechal Deodoro, Pilar, Satuba and Rio Largo. For the investigation of minerals, samples were acquired from all points of sale found in the fairs of the aforementioned municipalities. After procedures to obtain the extracts by acid digestion, the concentrations of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) were analyzed, using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique, and lead (Pb), following the corresponding protocol of the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (SMEWW). With the application of the checklist, it was possible to classify the hygienic-sanitary conditions in all the fairs visited as unsatisfactory. Despite this, it is worth noting that the highest percentages of adjustments were observed at the Rio Largo fair, where the assignment of space for commercialization was conditioned to participation in a training course in good food handling practices, offered by the municipality. The research also involved the application of a questionnaire for the socioeconomic characterization of the vendors. It could be noticed the predominance of female vendors, with low schooling, the sale of sururu and/or other fish as the only source of income, reaching a value close to the minimum wage. As for the micromineral composition, iron showed the highest concentrations in all samples, surpassing by more than fifteen times the values detected for copper, manganese and zinc. Regarding the toxic metal lead, the samples were within the limit allowed in bivalve molluscs. The results obtained with this work confirm the importance of sururu for countless families who sell it in open markets to earn a living and reinforce the need for a joint effort, by the market vendors and those responsible for managing these spaces, to provide the population of these locations with an environment conducive to commercialization of food. In addition, it is necessary for the competent authorities to continuously investigate the levels of highly toxic trace elements in the MMELC, so that the benefits of the consumption of sururu by the population are not counterbalanced by the risk of contamination.
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    Desenvolvimento da carcinicultura marinha familiar no agreste de alagoas : avanços e desafios para uma produção sustentável
    (INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS - Ifal, 2023-01-23) Lemos, Fernanda Gomes; Bordinhon, André Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0982411313292542; Araujo, Daniel de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5837261784524743; Tamano, Luana Tieko Omena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4206868438935017; Pontes, Cibele Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3943018673158703
    In Brazil, for many years, the production of marine shrimp was associated with estuarine, apicum, and mangrove regions. However, the last few years have been marked by a pronounced expansion to inland regions, an activity known as marine carciniculture. In the state of Alagoas, Northeast of Brazil, the harsh climate region has the newest Brazilian centers of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp production in continental waters: Arapiraca, Craíbas, Coité do Nóia, Feira Grande, Girau do Ponciano, Igaci, Lagoa da Canoa, Limoeiro de Anadia, Olho D'Água Grande and Taquarana. For these municipalities, the activity emerged as an alternative for generation of employment and income for farmers who suffered and still suffer with the decline of agricultural production due to the disuse of land, by the salinization of water from rivers, creeks, and artesian wells. As it is relatively recent in the region, there are few records about its implementation. In view of this, the objective was to characterize the carciniculture in the harsh climate region of Alagoas by the investigation of its participants and its ways of production. To accomplish this task, 40 family farmers were interviewed by using a semi-structured questionnaire. In addition, free observations were made and informal accounts were collected during the years 2020 to 2022. From this, it was found that local carciniculture started a little over three years ago and only in 2018 gained commercial character having presented annual income of up to $ 300,000.00. The activity in the municipalities of Alagoas has been done with the help of technical advice, and with the construction pattern of nurseries from other production centers, similar to the systems implemented in the state of Paraíba. The farmers, with the help of professionals and knowledge acquired over time, have adapted to the new productive activity, when comparing the methodology implemented in harsh climate region of Alagoas with other regions, is possible to identify peculiarities, the ties and bonds created between those involved and the work environment. Some curiosities also draw attention, such as the variations in stocking densities observed in different poles, something common in all poles is the decrease in stocking density in rainy periods, high rainfall that resulted in decreased water temperature, which can contribute to the proliferation of pathogens in the culture environment. The analysis of the questionnaires showed that male family farmers represent 82.5% of the total of producers in the harsh climate region, while women correspond only to 17.5%. Both sexes work in the activity, on average, 8 hours a day. The size of the evaluated farms varies between 1 to 50 hectares, and the ponds built on them are between 1000 m2 and 4000 m2, with an average production of 500 kg to 4500 kg per month per farm. The price per kilogram of shrimp sold varied between $ 12.51 and R$ 13.64, being influenced by the time of the year, among other factors. It was evidenced that the poles with greater productive relevance are: Arapiraca, Coité do Nóia, Igaci and Limoeiro de Anadia. Among the interviewees, few (17.5%) have carciniculture as their main source of income, in their majority, the family farmers diversify the agricultural production to get enough income for subsistence. From the interviews, it was possible to identify that more than 50% of the owners received technical assistance in the last year. Since this is a fairly new activity, it is still not known for sure which impacts or environmental damage may be caused in the long term by the activity in this region. In this sense, most of the family farmers affirm that they have never been visited by environmental inspection agencies. Despite this, all are aware of the importance of environmental licensing and claim to be a significant step for shrimp production. Regarding the discharge of effluents, most (55%) of the farmers perform water treatment before discharge into water bodies. However, most family farmers (80%) do not consider the water generated from the ponds harmful to the environment. In fact, technical assistance was one of the key factors for the consolidation and success of the productive activity in the region. It was possible to observe from the farmers' reports how starting with technical assistance made all the difference. The data collected from the interviewees were compared with the data collected from the secretaries, it was possible to notice that the environmental and governmental organs linked to the carciniculture activity still don't have, or in their majority, with limited information, what can have repercussions, directly, in a negative way, in the development of public policies directed to marine Carciniculture. In addition, it is possible to verify the existence of barriers to the strengthening of the activity, being the issues related to environmental licensing the most relevant, among them: difficulties in finding qualified professionals to perform the services, the high fees charged, the slowness of the environmental inspection agencies.
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    Pesca, piscicultura e turismo : análise dos conflitos socioambientais no monumento natural do Rio São Francisco - MoNaRSF
    (INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS - Ifal, 2026-01-30) Pinto, Leivan Souza; Araujo, Daniel de Magalhães; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-9836; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5837261784524743; Romero, Renato de Mei; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6196-6122; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9857771457585862; Tamano, Luana Tieko Omena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4206868438935017; Cunha, Maristela Casé Costa; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9935-7912; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2064821391086747
    The establishment of Protected Areas represents one of the main strategies of Brazilian environmental policy for biodiversity and natural resource conservation. However, the implementation of these areas has frequently generated conflicts arising from the overlap between conservation objectives and the diverse interests of populations that historically use these territories. Such conflicts are not restricted to environmental dimensions but also encompass economic, social, and, above all, political issues, emerging throughout the processes of creation, implementation, management, and governance of protected areas—a topic whose theoretical debate remains ongoing. In the São Francisco River Natural Monument, a strictly protected area created to conserve the scenic beauty of the São Francisco River canyons, safeguard significant archaeological sites, preserve a representative portion of the Caatinga biome, and promote sustainable tourism and local socioeconomic development, these conflicts stem from anthropogenic pressures associated with the multiple uses of the Xingó Hydroelectric Reservoir, particularly competition for resources and environmental impacts affecting water quality. In this context, this case study aimed to analyze socioenvironmental conflicts resulting from interactions among artisanal fishing, cage-based fish farming, and river tourism within the São Francisco River Natural Monument, with the purpose of providing inputs for the formulation of more effective management policies. The research adopted a qualitative and quantitative approach, with an exploratory and descriptive design, based on literature review, documentary analysis, and field research, including semistructured interviews with artisanal fishers, fish farmers, and tourist boat operators. Data analysis was grounded in the principles of Political Ecology, structured through the historicaldialectical materialist method. The results indicate that conflicts are mainly driven by competition over water resource use, disputes over access areas to the reservoir, environmental impacts on water quality, and the fragility of regulatory, monitoring, and institutional mediation instruments. Artisanal fishers were identified as the most vulnerable group, being affected from the construction of river dams to the cumulative impacts of fish farming and tourism activities. It is concluded that the lack of integrated regulation and limited social participation in management processes intensify these conflicts and compromise the conservation objectives of the protected area. As an applied contribution, the study provides technical inputs for the development of guidelines aimed at regulating multiple water uses and strengthening participatory, integrated, and sustainable management.
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    Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural (RPPNs) de Alagoas: da gênese aos usos
    (Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-07-27) Ferreira, Tarciéri de Souza; Romero, Renato de Mei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9857771457585862; Araujo, Daniel de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5837261784524743; Melo, Joabe Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5180399418500159; Santos, Poliana dos
    Several sectors of society demand essential natural resources to maintain life, so the balance between the use and replacement of these resources is essential. In this context, the creation of protected areas can work as an excellent instrument of environmental management, especially in the provision of ecosystem services. Private Natural Heritage Reserves are private conservation units with the objective of achieving these assumptions. The objective of this study is to understand and characterize the processes related to creation and the uses given to this typology of protected area in Alagoas. A survey of data (spatial, bibliographic, documentary and interviews) was carried out on the reserves. Information from interviews with representatives of public agencies and civil society responsible for the creation and implementation, in addition to the owners or managers of the reserves, was analyzed. With this, we sought to identify three main points: 1. History of creation of RPPNs; 2. Description of the reserves, with administrative and maintenance aspects, conservation, biodiversity, threats; 3. Public and private uses of the reserve. As a result, we hope to assist in the composition of scientific information about them, once the existence of gaps in freely accessible data in official electronic addresses has been identified. As for the partial results obtained so far, it is possible to observe the identification of all the seventy-six existing reserves in the state, as well as the classification by domains and by stages of creation. From this, a higher concentration of reserves was identified in the Atlantic Forest domain compared to the Caatinga domain. This abundance of reserves, mainly in the Atlantic Forest, may be linked to actions by several sectors: the public ministry, the state environmental agency, non-governmental organizations active in this biome, as well as the initiative of the agro-industrial sector, since several protected areas are owned by the sugar and ethanol industries. Therefore, the emergence of RPPNs in the state of Alagoas was motivated by factors such as the institution of SNUC itself; the incentive to landowners through environmental compensation, in the form of a suggestion in accordance with the IMA and MP; regularization through decree 3050/2006; the need for forested areas to implement projects for the reintroduction of endangered species and actions to publicize this type of reserve among landowners carried out by IPMA. All these factors added to the development of the Mais RPPNs, Pró-Reservas plans and all the effort made by the NGOs, as well as a good relationship between the actors involved to facilitate the reduction of bureaucracy in the processes in public agencies were essential for the installation of RPPNs in the state.