TCC Técnico em Química

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https://repositorio.ifal.edu.br/handle/123456789/294

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Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 44

Adubação verde no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-04-11) Jesus, César Marcelino de; Leitão, Ana Laura Oliveira de Sá; Leitão, Ana Laura Oliveira de Sá; Santos, Taciana do Nascimento; Santos, Wellinghton
Green manure has aroused the interest of farmers, as it has been standing out as a strategy for sustainable agriculture, since it allows the recovery and maintenance of soil productivity and reduces the cost of using large amounts of chemical fertilizers. This practice consists of improving the physical, chemical and/or biological characteristics of the soil, it functions by replenishing nutrients, such as nitrogen, which is the main nutritive element and is supplied from legumes, in addition to supplying organic matter to the area being applied. Thus, this study aims to present, in the form of a literature review, the benefits of applying green manure in sugarcane cultivation. For this, the context about the importance of sugarcane for its industry was made, as well the definition of green manure and its effects on soil characteristics, beside highlighting some of the most used species for nutrition and atmospheric nitrogen fixation. Therefore, green manure is a vegetative practice that makes it possible to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers.
Agrotóxicos: impactos na agricultura alagoana
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2021-10-22) Nascimento, Alailson Araújo do; Oliveira, André Luiz dos; Oliveira, André Luiz dos; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Chaves, Taciana Carneiro
Agriculture is of significant importance to the economy of Alagoas, but its expansion generates an indiscriminate use of pesticides, causing impacts on agricultural practices and on the population of the state. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of pesticides and use agrarian practices with natural foods, in order to generate a better quality of life. I this regard, on the massive use of pesticides in agroecosystems, as well as the consequent impacts of this type of product on the environment and society, this monograph objectifies the need for legislative sanitary actions consistent with the control, assistance to populations and exposed agricultural areas to pesticides. This is a literature review study in the State of Alagoas, with information from the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and the Agricultural Defense and Inspection Agency of Alagoas (ADEAL). The largest sector in agriculture in Alagoas, sugarcane, which occupies 453 thousand ha, was observed the use of pesticides such as herbicides, fungicides and insecticides, the chemical group of glycines, bipyridyls, strobilurins and neonicotinoids, causing environmental problems and diseases. Some inconsistencies were identified on the inspection of health policies, however the exemption from the Tax on the Circulation of Goods and Provision of Services (ICMS) allowed greater freedom of use, making them common, directly implying the better development of agricultural activities in the economy of Alagoas, above all there is sustainable production free of pesticides, organic agriculture, which is part of family farming, thus allowing for a natural handling of food as well as improving the quality of human and environmental life.
Aguardente de cana-de-açúcar (cachaça): processo produtivo aos riscos ocupacionais
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-04-27) Alves, Arthur Mateus Ferreira; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Cavalcante, Maria da Conceição Matos; Silva, Wcleuton Oliveira
Sugarcane brandy or cachaça is a drink appreciated by many people. However, its production process consists of several risks and accidents at work, so it is of great importance to analyze which risks workers are subject to in their work environment. The methodology adopted for the construction of the work consisted of research by bibliographic review and field research, which aimed to analyze the occupational risks in the production of cachaça, propose solutions to mitigate these risks and associate the regulatory norms. In view of the study, it appears that workers are vulnerable to the most diverse occupational risks in their work environment, associated with the production process of cachaça. Many times, accidents at work occur due to the lack of good working conditions and lack of good training to perform the tasks, so it is of paramount importance that the industry propose ways to mitigate these risks and implement the necessary standards. to have an optimal production, thus providing the well-being of the workers and the best development in their functions.
Análises laboratoriais do coco ralado
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-04-20) Martins, João Paulo dos Santos; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Santos, Elisangela Costa; Nascimento, Jeilma Rodrigues do
Sulfites are classified as food additives that act by inhibiting spoilage caused by bacteria, fungi and yeasts in acidic foods and by inhibiting enzymatic and non- enzymatic browning reactions during processing and storage. Moisture determination is an important quality parameter, as the moisture content of a food product affects the storage and marketing of the product. Food acidity analysis is recommended for a large number of foods such as milk, coconut milk, grated coconut, oil, vinegar, fruit products, etc. an indicator of its state of conservation. This report aims to describe the main practical activities developed during the supervised curricular internship. It is verified that the analyzes carried out during the internship period are in accordance with the expected current standards. The results obtained from the analysis of sulphite, moisture and acidity of the moist and sweetened grated coconut were satisfactory, with an average of 233.80 ppm of sulphite; 6.0% to 7.0% moisture; and 3.5% to 4.0% acidity.
Aproveitamento de subprodutos na indústria sucroalcooleira
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-05-24) Silva, Yasmin Roberta de Lisboa; Cabral, Mirelle Márcio Santos; Cabral, Mirelle Márcio Santos; França, Márcio Abreu de; Nascimento, Raul César da Silva
The high cultivation of sugarcane in Brazil for the production of ethanol and sugar in the sugar-alcohol industry generates by-products that are of great importance within the sector and the production of the industry. Thus, it is important to know and study the use of these by-products, so that there is greater productivity and reduction of damage caused to nature. The by-products studied, which are obtained in the process of ethanol production and sugar production are: straw, bagasse, filter cake, molasses, carbon dioxide (CO2), yeasts and vinasse. These by-products can be used within the industry or in other sectors of the economy, also favoring the environment. This article presents the production process of ethanol and sugar and the by-products that are obtained and their subsequent use.
Aproveitamento do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar para produção de etanol de segunda geração
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-04-05) Santos, Carlos Gabriel Inácio Guedes; Leitão, Ana Laura Oliveira de Sá; Leitão, Ana Laura Oliveira de Sá; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Santos, Taciana do Nascimento
The sugar and ethanol industry has a prominent place in the Brazilian economy, because of that, Brazil is responsible for generating a large volume of waste. About 5 to 12 million tons per year of bagasse are produced due to the production of sugar and ethanol. All this may become an environmental pollutant if residues are improperly disposed of. Therefore, it is valid the effort for new alternatives of use for these residues. In this context, second-generation ethanol (2G) has proved to be an attractive alternative, since it has environmental advantages, as it is produced from lignocellulosic residues. Thus, the aim of this work is to present, through a literature review, the potential of bagasse of sugarcane to obtain 2G ethanol, describing all stages of the production process. For this, a search was made on websites, scientific articles found on Google Scholar, as well as monographs, dissertations and theses
Aproveitamento dos subprodutos da indústria sucroalcooleira
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-04-27) Ferreira, Edenilson Guimarães; Leitão, Ana Laura Oliveira de Sá; Leitão, Ana Laura Oliveira de Sá; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante
The planting of sugarcane is related to the history and economic development of Brazil. This cultivation, since colonial times, has undergone tremendous agronomic and industrial development. The cultivation of sugarcane in Brazil kick-started a great business due to the main products obtained from this plant: sugar and ethyl alcohol (ethanol). The sugar alcohol complex is considered the most modern in the world, with Brazil taking a leading position in the production of ethanol. On the other hand, this sector is responsible for environmental impacts, both due to the intense use of natural resources and the large amount of waste generated, the latter being one of the main problems faced by the sugar alcohol industry. For this reason, the present work aims to present which are the by-products of the sugar and alcohol industry and their respective forms of use. Therefore, a bibliographic research was carried out, through articles, monographs, dissertations and theses, on sites such as Google Scholar and SciELO and it was observed that the reuse of by-products of the sugar alcohol industry can be of great interest, both profitable and socio-environmental
Balanço hídrico aplicado ao cultivo da cana-de-açúcar na região dos tabuleiros costeiros de Alagoas
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-03-17) Melo, Ariane Barros; Wanderley, Lucas Suassuna de Albuquerque; Wanderley, Lucas Suassuna Albuquerque; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante
Objective: the present study aimed to determine the water requirement and calculate the weather risk for sugar cane in the Tabuleiros Costeiros region of Alagoas. Method: the water requirement of sugar cane was estimated using the Thornthwaite Water Balance (1948) and mapped using a geostatistical procedure. Results: it was found that there is significant variability in the water variability of soils in the region of Tabuleiros Costeiros de Alagoas, providing the existence of water surpluses and deficits throughout the seasons. Usually, the dry season occurs between the months of October to February and the surplus in the months of April to August. The spatialization of the water balance and the climatic risk classes suggests the existence of a pattern, with greater water deficit in the south of the study area, and greater water availability in the center north. Conclusion: the water balance of sugar cane showed that there are production limitations regarding climatic characteristics, which must be supplied with the use of adequate technologies, mainly from the rational use of water.
Cana-de-açúcar e a produção de etanol
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-03-18) Moreira, João Igor Andrade; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Cavalcante, Maria da Conceição Matos; Tavares, Andreia Macleybiane Gois
Thus, the objective of this work is to present the production of ethanol from sugarcane (Saccharum spp), its history in Brazil, cost reduction, ethanol production process, types of ethanol and by-products produced. Compared to other countries, Brazil has some advantages in ethanol production, such as mastery of the entire production process, plenty of land, skilled labor and worker safety. Usually, ethanol production involves the following steps: milling, juice treatment, fermentation and distillation and in some cases dehydration processes. The first generation of ethanol is a traditional system that produces ethanol from sugarcane juice, and which still leads the sugar and ethanol industry and its production by-products such as vinasse, bagasse and filter cake, which are of lower cost for the industry. As for anhydrous ethanol, in addition to the aforementioned stages, there is also the dehydration stage. Production is a positive perspective, given the increase in sales of flex-fuel vehicles, increased consumption and exports of sugar and ethanol, increased domestic consumption of anhydrous ethanol and hydrated and expansion of production, in this perspective it was possible to perceive the importance of the study of the sugar-alcohol area to understand how the process that transforms glucose into ethanol is carried out is of paramount importance.
Cimento: processo produtivo, impactos ambientais e adições de cinzas do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-04-18) Silva, Naiane de Jesus da; Santos, Taciana do Nascimento; Santos, Taciana do Nascimento; Oliveira, André Luiz dos Santos; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos
Currently the search for sustainable alternatives to minimize the environmental impacts environment impacts generated by cement production is growing every day with the increase of new technologies and science. The cement in question is a fine powder with binding properties or binders, whose raw material is limestone and clay cement is also a product of high durability when mixed with gravel and sand resulting in an important product for construction being the concrete. concrete is the most used material in the world being second only to water and is also responsible for part of the country's economy due to its large national and international consumption, so with the extraction of raw materials and cement production are generated negative impacts on the environment as the emission of CO2. For each ton of cement manufactured about 700kg of carbon oxide are emitted into the atmosphere during the production process. With the advancement of technology and industrial development, sustainable techniques were created to minimize these impacts, such as the addition of minerals to cement. The addition of minerals is a possible viable solution to reduce CO2 emissions, because it reduces the amount of clinker used in the manufacture of cement, such as the addition of sugar cane bagasse ash, which has a high polyozone content and can be applied as a partial substitute for cement. It is noteworthy that the concretes produced from the partial replacement of cement can present better characteristics than ordinary concrete, such as durability and stiffness, so based on a comparative study of the works of different authors it is possible to verify that in addition to minimizing the emission of pollutants, it is also a quality alternative to cement that results in a product that is rapidly gaining the industrial market in Brazil.
Cogeração de energia a partir da queima do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-04-27) Maia, Vanessa da Silva; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Leitão, Ana Laura Oliveira de Sá
Due to its high energy content, sugarcane bagasse became highly valued. The same became viable when dealing with the environment, by inhibiting greenhouse gases in their production. The present work aimed to clearly understand the process of electric energy production through the burning of sugarcane bagasse in water tube boilers, showing itself as a highly viable option and of total interest to our country, which at the same time. As the years go by, it is always looking for better alternatives to increase electricity production. As well as contextualizing from a literature review, the benefits of this production, since it can be considered as a source of renewable energy, having the ability to replenish naturally over time, without the possibility of depletion over time. of time.
Cogeração de energia a partir do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar: impactos positivos na economia e no meio ambiente
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-04-27) Ferreira, Gabrielle Nancy Soares; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Leitão, Ana Laura Oliveira de Sá; Dória, Bruna Maria Ferrari Machado
Environmental pollution is an issue that seeks to mitigate, therefore, it is necessary to apply sustainable actions. Following this perspective, the implementation of a cogeneration system based on sugarcane biomass is extremely important, since it is a consolidated raw material in Brazil, which, in addition to enabling the generation of sugar and ethanol, can use of its residues, specifically the bagasse, for the generation of electric energy. Therefore, the present work aims to highlight the importance of cogeneration of electricity from sugarcane bagasse for the environment, as well as for economic development.
Colheita mecanizada em função da proibição da queima prévia do canavial sob a perspectiva pandêmica
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-03-23) Souza, Deisiely dos Santos; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Leitão, Ana Laura Oliveira de Sá; Dória, Bruna Maria Ferrari Machado
In Brazil, the practice of prior burning of sugarcane is the result of much discussion, among them are its pros and cons. Aiming that for the sugarcane mill there are several advantages such as cost, efficiency, work for the residents, among others, for the environment and health, the subject is already quite different, especially in the pandemic situation that is found in the world where one of the most dangerous symptoms of the virus is shortness of breath. Thus, there is a law that is not yet being put into practice, which seeks to interfere with the demand for burning existing in the cane field using machinery for this harvesting sector, understanding as a solution to the problem of fauna, flora and people. Parallel to this, this work aims to highlight factors that are being harmed by burning, such as human health and the environment, both benefiting from the total adoption of mechanized harvesting that is about to occupy this space.
Compostagem: uma estratégia sustentável para a redução de lixo orgânico residencial
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2023-03-08) Garcia, Julyana Correia; Silva, Marina de Magalhães; Silva, Marina de Magalhães; Santos, Elisângela Costa; Gomes, Jarbas Maurício
The improper disposal of organic waste, regardless of its origin, generates waste and contributes negatively to public health and the environment, compromising the quality of life of populations, especially in large urban centers. This scenario requires that measures be taken, seeking an improvement in the quality of life and protecting nature. It is in this sense that the objective of this work arises, to make a homemade compost bin, as an efficient alternative to recycle organic waste. Initially, a diagnostic evaluation was carried out, seeking to collect information from the community in general about what composting would be; if they have already used or if they had the habit of separating organic waste, among others. Soon after, the stage of making the compost was carried out, which is simple to handle, with residential organic matter, easily accessible material and using the microorganisms existing in the compost itself. After collecting the data, the surveys pointed out that the lack of knowledge or an adequate educational awareness system is one of the main reasons for the great waste of the organic fraction in the homes and that only about 40% of the interviewees have the practice of separating the organic waste of others. Regarding the construction of the homemade compost bin, it was possible to prove its great effectiveness in being an adequate and more correct destination for organic waste, because after monitoring some factors such as aeration, pH, temperature and granulometry, this process is capable of promoting an organic fertilizer and natural fertilizer, reducing the odor of residential garbage and reducing the amount of garbage sent to sanitary landfills. Thus, despite being a small compost bin, the results were satisfactory and could serve as a model for the preparation of domestic composting, being considered an action of great environmental and social impact.
Condições de trabalho no setor de corte manual de cana-de-açúcar
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-03-30) Leite, Liedson Danúbio Oliveira; França, Marcio Abreu de; França, Márcio Abreu de; Santos, Taciana do Nascimento; Gomes, Carlos Marcelo Maciel
The sugar-alcohol industry has historically been an important Brazilian economic activity - it is estimated that today it corresponds to around 2% of the national GDP. However, alongside this economic abundance, there is one of the most precarious work activities still in force: the manual cutting of sugar cane. Normally, such activities are developed in the midst of serious problems in the work environment, which ends up vigorously affecting the health of each worker, whether physically or mentally. In view of the above, the main objective of the current work was to present in detail the adversities of the manual sugarcane cutting sector. Using a bibliographic survey, the research highlighted the main labor problems in the sugarcane cutting sector, in the context of the history of the use of sugarcane in Brazil as a raw material of great economic importance. The research results point to the ratification of the economic importance of the sugar and alcohol industry, but above all to the precarious working conditions in the manual cutting sector. Based on current literature, possible proposals for labor improvements for the manual sugarcane cutting sector were also presented. In conclusion, it became clear during the research that, even after 134 years of the end of slavery in Brazil, there are still situations similar to slave labor, with the manual sugarcane cutting sector being a very prone activity to such types of situations.
Condução do processo fermentativo na usina Marituba
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-04-20) Barbosa, Edinaldo Santos; Souza, Felipe Thiago Caldeira de; Souza, Felipe Thiago Caldeira de; Santos, Taciana do Nascimento; Santos, Wellinghton
Brazil is one of the largest ethanol producers in the world, having been the first producer to use sugarcane as its main raw material. An important step in the ethanol production process is the fermentation of the juice extracted from sugarcane, which can be carried out using different methods. The objective of this work was to present the fermentation process, through a literature review and supervising of the main steps of the process carried out at Usina Caeté S/A - Marituba Unit - located in the municipality of Igreja Nova, Alagoas. As a result of this study, the present work details the industrial process of fermentation, using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the conduction of this process at the Marituba plant, which uses the fed-batch method with cell recycling. In addition, process variables and important parameters for obtaining a quality final product within the required specifications are discussed. Finally, the importance of qualified professionals for the conduction of alcoholic fermentation is highlighted, having been exposed in this work the practical experience of the author in his experience as an assistant at the Marituba plant and the contribution of practical and theoretical classes of the technical course in Sugar and Alcohol for your training.
As consequências da mecanização do corte de cana-de-açúcar na indústria sucroalcooleira
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-11-22) Santos, Vilker Silva; França, Márcio Abreu de; França, Márcio Abreu de; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Francisco, Kleyse Galdino
The sugar-energy industry plays a very important role in Brazil's history, from the early days until today, which makes it the largest producer of sugarcane in the world - data show that in the 20/21 harvest Brazil produced about 654.5 million tons. With the advance of technology over the past centuries, new equipment and vehicles have emerged with the purpose of improving the agricultural production system. However, in practice there are some pros and cons regarding the use of harvesters in sugarcane fields. In view of this, the present work had as its main purpose to report in a detailed way the impacts of mechanization in the sugar cane harvesting sector. Using bibliographical surveys, the research highlighted the problems and benefits caused by the mechanized harvesting system, besides presenting important data related to the sugarcane sector. The follow-ups of the work indicate great advantages in productivity and also to the environment, but they generate social impacts affecting the cutters. In conclusion, it became clear during the research that mechanization presents very important benefits to the economy due to the increase in production and also to nature by reducing the levels of toxic gases, however it also causes damage to the workers by generating unemployment.
Os desafios econômicos e ambientais para os produtores de cana-de-açúcar nos últimos 5 anos: um estudo de caso com dois produtores do município de Penedo/Alagoas
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-04-05) Santos, Aleksander Fellype Ferreira Santos; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Rocha, Martha Suzana Rodrigues dos Santos; Leitão, Ana Laura Oliveira de Sá; França, Márcio Abreu de
The production of sugarcane has been an agricultural activity that faces several challenges, from those related to environmental issues, including economic ones, among others. This article aims to discuss and analyze the challenges related to environmental and economic aspects faced by sugarcane producers in recent times. The study is contextualized by a methodology that includes theoretical and field research. In the first one, we sought to identify theoretical aspects that deal with the panorama of this agriculture, referring to some points that deserve to be highlighted. In the field research, which is a case study, the vision oftwo sugarcane producers regarding the topic under discussion was evidenced. The methodology, already mentioned as theoretical and field, included the recording and analysis of ideas from theorists who deal with this topic and a questionnaire carried out with the two collaborators, through a Google form. The results obtained with this study were satisfactory, as many aspects of the context related to the panorama of sugarcane in Brazil were perceived, as well as the main challenges highlighted by the two producers regarding economic and environmental issues. The acquired knowledge was important to understand the subject in a deeper way.
Descarte de medicamentos: um estudo sobre o impacto ambiental e a saúde pública na cidade de Penedo - AL
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2023-03-08) Barbosa, Rayane Rocha; Silva, Marina de Magalhães; Silva, Marina de Magalhães; Santos, Elisângela Costa; Cabral, Mirelle Márcio Santos
The advancement of technology has provided the discovery of new drugs, in view of this, the manufacture of medicines has increased, and the consumption of medicines is constantly growing, which most of the time, after being expired or out of use, are discarded inappropriately. These residues, in turn, can be harmful to public health and the environment, which, even with sewage treatment, are not eliminated. The objective of the study was to know the destination given to expired or disused medicines in residences in the city of Penedo - AL. To this end, a diagnostic evaluation was initially carried out, seeking to collect information from the population of Penedense, regarding what would be the disposal of medicines, reverse logistics, if they had home pharmacies, among others. After data collection, the surveys pointed out that the lack of knowledge or an adequate educational awareness system is one of the main reasons for controlling the amount of erroneously discarded medicines and that only 9% of respondents have the practice of discarding drugs adequately, with antibiotics being one of the drugs most discarded, probably due to the withholding of prescriptions for acquisition. Soon after, interviews were conducted in pharmacies, analyzing whether they received such medications and it was proven that there are several collection points (private pharmacies and health centers) so that the community can dispose of them correctly, consciously, and sustainably.
Direitos trabalhistas nas usinas sucroalcooleiras
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-04-29) Honorato, Wesley Bastos Messias; Nascimento, Raul César da Silva; Nascimento, Raul César da Silva; Cabral, Mirelle Márcio Santos; França, Márcio Abreu de
According to work, we can see many workers suffering in the cutting of sugar cane, for not having knowledge about the rights of the Labor Laws. On May 1st, the CLT was enacted. The current situation is quite different from the year 1980. Brazil is one of the main consumers and exporters of sugar and ethanol, most of these workers are all with low education. The people who go to work in these plants go to improve the family, many of them migrate to the Southeast in search of a better condition for the family. The labor legislation does reduce as article 149 of the penal code, slavery can be characterized by four elements.

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