Teses e Dissertações

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Inclui teses, dissertações e trabalhos de conclusão de mestrado profissional produzidos no IFAL e fora dele.

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Análise do plano de gestão de resíduos de serviços saúde de estabelecimentos do Estado de Alagoas
(2025) Silva, Ivonaldo Gomes da ; Santos Filho, Moézio de Vasconcellos Costa; Sant’Anna, Selenobaldo Alexinaldo Cabral de; Santos, Aldenir Feitosa dos; Miranda, Paulo Rogério Barbosa de; Ribeiro, Cássia Roberta Pontes
Waste is the material that remains or that is undesirably generated in an activity. Healthcare Waste (HW) is that produced by any agent of prevention, maintenance or recovery of human or animal health or aesthetics. The increase in the population and the growth in demand for health and beauty procedures drive the generation of HW, causing health risks to those who come into contact with it. In Brazil, health, environmental, labor or metrology surveillance institutions issue standards, such as RDC nº 222/2018 from Anvisa and ABNT NBR 12808:2020, which aim to regulate activities so that harm to humans and the environment is avoided or, at least, minimized. One of the regulatory requirements is that each generator prepares and executes a Health Service Waste Management Plan (HWMP), making it available to anyone who wishes to consult it. This is an essential document for the provider to obtain the environmental operating license. Thus, the main objective of this study is to analyze the compliance of the HWMP with the current related standards. To this end, a theoretical framework for analysis (TFA) was developed, with each item based on the rigor of the available standards and literature, to serve as a parameter. In order to compare them among themselves, as well as not to expose the institution, each establishment was identified by the acronym HWG (healthcare waste generator) followed by the number corresponding to the position of the decreasing number of pages of its HWMP. A methodology was used that assigns scores of 5 (five), 3 (three) or 0 (zero), depending on whether the item of the Plan is fully, partially or not answered, respectively. Of the approximately 130 establishments consulted, only 13 made their HWMP available, and of these, the majority through the Access to Information Law. The TFA was structured with 70 questions grouped into six items. On this scale, each HWG could obtain up to 350 points. However, the scores ranged from only 137 (HWG13) to 243 (HWG5), that is, they are between 39% and 69% of an ideal standard, with five of them below 50% compliance with health and environmental standards. Given the limited availability of PGRSSs and the poor adherence to the standards of those that were analyzed, it is concluded that this document is absent in many establishments in the State of Alagoas and, in those that do exist, improvements are needed.
Cactáceas brasileiras: compostos químicos, farmacologia e potencial biotecnológico
(INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS - Ifal, 2023-07-28) Lins, Andressa Valéria Ferreira Minin de; Melo, Joabe Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5180399418500159; Oliveira, Tiago Bento de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4362217919311737; Cavalcanti, Deyvson Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1705433658794154; Santos, Josiene Maria Falcão Fraga dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0789229130960422
Cactaceae is a family of plants whose representatives are known for surviving and occupying the planet's arid and semi-arid climates. To survive in these habitats, this family of plants relies on a series of morphological adaptations, including the modification of leaves into spines, water storage capacity, chlorophyllous stem, etc. In addition to the physical structure to withstand environmental conditions, cacti also have a series of specialized chemicals, known as secondary metabolites, which have several protective properties for plants, but which also have interesting effects on other organisms and which, for this reason, has been widely studied by scientists. Despite the protective machinery with which cacti were equipped, many of them are threatened with extinction, creating a need to preserve them. Many studies investigating the phytochemical profile and pharmacological properties of Brazilian cacti have been carried out, but none have covered all of them. Thus, the research question arose: what has already been discovered about the phytochemistry, pharmacology and biotechnology of cacti in Brazil? The research was carried out with the aim of answering this question using the systematic literature review methodology. The results allowed the construction of a panorama that will serve the future of research with Brazilian cacti that deal with the themes researched here, that is, the pharmacology, phytochemistry and biotechnology of cactuses in Brazil. Phytochemical information was found for 50 cacti, pharmacological information for 31 cacti and patents for 18 cacti. The unfolding of this process took place in chapter one of this dissertation, which was organized into two chapters, the second being the unfolding of the technical and technological product, which expressed the desire not to imprison the information presented here within the walls of the academy. The product was the teaching material entitled “Cacti around me”, which is an informative material about how cacti are present in different scenarios and products in Brazil, as well as the ecological importance of the botanical family Cactaceae.
Estudo do processo de invasão do “sururu branco” (Mytilopsis sallei) na lagunar Mundaú, Maceio – Alagoas
(INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS - Ifal, 2025-02-26) Vilar, Evlyn Larisse da Silva; Araújo, Daniel de Magalhães; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-9836; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5837261784524743; Melo, Joabe Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5180399418500159; Bordinhon, André Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0982411313292542; Tamano, Luana Tieko Omena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4206868438935017
In 2021, the Maceió sururu extractive community reported the constant appearance of a mollusk similar to the native sururu, but with a whitish color, which soon came to be called “white sururu” (Mytilopsis sallei) by riverside dwellers. Later, in 2022, the disappearance of the native sururu, Mytella falcata, was reported. Considering that the sururu is an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Alagoas, being a source not only of income, but also of food for a significant portion of the population, it is essential to carry out studies aimed at elucidating the incursion of this invasive bivalve into the Estuarine Complex Mundaú-Manguaba Lagoon (CELMM). Thus, this study aimed to understand the process of invasion of the “white sururu” in the lagunar Complex, as well as understanding the relationship between the establishment of the invasive species in the region and the disappearance of the species of sururu native to it, from the perspective of fishermen. Sururu from the Estuarine Complex.This study had a qualitative focus, using exploratory and descriptive field research as its methodological contribution. On-site visits were carried out in the region, as well as at Fishermen's Associations, presenting the theme and objectives of this research. 31 informants were interviewed, 90.30% of whom were male, with an average age of 56 years and an average fishing age of 36 years. Fishermen still associate the emergence of the white sururu with the “disappearance” of the native sururu, which is evidenced by many studies of the harmful effects on the environment and the native species that inhabit it as a result of the introduction of invasive species. However, according to the evidence, the “disappearance” of the native sururu may be more linked to changes in salinity and climate than the presence of the invasive bivalve. The disappearance of the native sururu, in turn, caused profound and severe effects on the riverside community, especially for those who survived from fishing, forcing the “sururuzeiros” to migrate to other regions and/or jobs. Knowledge about the invasive species is still incipient for the fishermen interviewed, especially when compared to knowledge about the native species. Fishermen consider the white sururu to be stronger and more resistant to the conditions established in the environment, representing a real danger to the native sururu, which represents the main source of subsistence for them and their families. Thus, the riverside community shows great concerns about the adverse effects of the incursion of the white sururu into laguna Mundaú. Therefore, the difficulties faced by local communities, exacerbated by the scarcity of native sururu, highlight the urgent need for conservation strategies that integrate traditional knowledge with the sustainable management of natural resources.
Predição in silico de candidato vacinal multi-epítopo antigênico tumoral para o antígeno testicular de câncer - TFDP3
(UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS - Ufal, 2024-02-19) Omena Neta, Genilda Castro de; Marques, Carolinne de Sales; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2902-0657; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2138096354768853; Fraga, Carlos Alberto de Carvalho; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9564-9595; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1658892101106938; Koike, Bruna Del Vechio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-3513; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6190033586443279; Baggio, Jussara Almeida de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2508-1364; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8921152292383528; Rodrigues, Amanda Karine Barros Ferreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6668-2820; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8927116542464621; Gomes, Francis Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8626107472806227
The increase in cancer incidence and mortality worldwide has demonstrated the need for investment in more effective anti-tumor therapies. Given the complexity of the mechanisms that lead to resistance to anti-tumor treatments, target therapies are promising approaches. Cancer testicular antigens (CTAs) are therapeutic targets with potential to be explored, as they are not expressed in normal cells and are expressed in tumor cells, as is the case with TFDP3, expressed in triple negative breast cancer, prostate cancer, childhood T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective proposed in this work is the in silico prediction of a multi-epitope tumor antigen vaccine candidate from TFDP3. The epitopes were screened using immunoinformatics tools that identified the antigenic epitopes that interacted with B lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes. The population coverage of the epitopes on CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes was then assessed. From the epitopes of B lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes, 3 epitopes from each were selected to make up the multi-epitope vaccine determined by antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, IFN-γ induction and population coverage. In addition to the epitopes, the vaccine was made up of an adjuvant and ligands that ensured certain properties of the epitopes, their processing in MHC class I biosynthesis and post-translational modifications. The vaccine's homology with other proteins was assessed using the NCBI BLASTp server. The physicochemical parameters, antigenicity, allergenicity and toxicity were then evaluated. The secondary structure and tertiary structure were determined using servers that use neural networks, as well as the quality parameters associated with the structure. In the tertiary structure, the linear and discontinuous epitopes of B lymphocytes were determined using the IEDB server. From there, the interaction by molecular docking with Toll-like receptors and molecular dynamics were evaluated to assess the stability of the multi-epitope vaccine in a biological system. Finally, the in silico assessment of the possibility of cloning the multi-epitope vaccine and its immune response after 1 and 3 successive administrations was also evaluated. Epitopes that interact with antigenic, non-allergenic and non-toxic B lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes were identified. With regard to CD4+ T lymphocytes, 4 epitopes, as well as being antigenic, non-llergenic and non-toxic, are possible inducers of IFN-γ. In the population coverage, the MHC class I and MHC class II epitopes had 93.55% coverage worldwide. The multi-epitope vaccine has biologically favorable physicochemical parameters, low homology with human proteins, secondary and tertiary conformation compatible with native protein structures. It also has interactions with TLR-2 and TLR-3, with TLR-3 being the interaction that in a biological system guarantees the greatest stability of the multi-epitope vaccine. In addition, in silico analyses have shown that the multi-epitope vaccine can be cloned and develop a more robust and prolonged immune response when submitted to 3 administrations. Therefore, the multi-epitope vaccine designed from the testicular cancer antigen TFDP3 showed in silico several promising biological properties and responses so that in vitro and in vivo studies can be invested and the future application of this vaccine in the treatment of cancer types that express this CTA.

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