TCC Técnico em Meio Ambiente

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https://repositorio.ifal.edu.br/handle/123456789/293

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Agora exibindo 1 - 15 de 15

Aterros sanitários: tratamento e aproveitamento do biogás em três capitais do nordeste brasileiro
(2021) Silva, Pedro Carlos Mendes; Pinheiro, Pablo; Pinheiro, Pablo; Gomes, Carlos Marcelo Maciel; Santos, Elisângela Costa
Sanitary landfills are one of the solutions to the problem of final disposal of urban solid waste. The decomposition of organic matter in the waste generates, among other components, Biogas, this can be used for the production of renewable energy. With the growing demand for renewable energy sources, new studies must be carried out to increase knowledge about the development of the energy sector, especially in the Biogas sector. This study aims to analyze and compare the Biogas Management Systems in three sanitary landfills in Northeastern Brazilian capitals (Aracaju, Natal and Fortaleza). Data collection was carried out through a seventeenquestion virtual questionnaire, aimed at companies responsible for managing the landfills. Only one of the landfills has an energy recovery system, producing renewable natural gas, disappointing results for the current scenario. However, the feasibility demonstrated in the landfill that produces Renewable Natural Gas -NGR and distributes it to the piped network, is a great incentive for other landfills to envision the possibility of implementing similar systems. Despite not producing GNR, the other landfills have shown interest in biogas-fired thermoelectric plants, so this scenario can be changed in the future.
Análise físico-químicas referentes à portabilidade da água e a eliminação de risco a saúde da população penedense
(2022) Alves, Emilio Henrique Batista; Cavalcante, Maria da Conceição Matos; Cavalcante, Maria da Conceição Matos; Cunha, Simonise Figueiredo Amarante; Costa, Dannielle de Lima
Este informe de Práctica Supervisada tiene como objetivo describir las actividades desarrolladas durante el período de pasantía realizado en la empresa de Servicio Autónomo de Agua y Alcantarillado - SAAE Penedo. La pasantía se realizó en el sector de tratamiento de aguas, más específicamente en el laboratorio químico, donde las principales actividades realizadas en la pasantía fueron los análisis físico-químicos respecto a la potabilidad del agua y la eliminación de riesgos para la salud de la población penedense. Para que el agua sea potable es necesario que cumpla con los parámetros establecidos por el Ministerio de la Salud, por lo que se realizaron análisis de color, flúor, en un equipo denominado espectrofotómetro. También se analizó la turbidez y el cloro en un equipo denominado turbidímetro y un kit colorimétrico. Durante la pasantía, los resultados recolectados se mantuvieron dentro de los estándares de potabilidad establecidos por el Ministerio de la Salud y del CONAMA.
A percepção do uso de energia solar na cidade de Penedo, AL
(2022) Dias, Michael Alves; Pinheiro, Pablo; Pinheiro, Pablo; Christiano, Daniel; Silva, Oberlan da
With the high demand for energy consumption in the world, it has been necessary to search for solutions for clean energy generation, increasingly removing the need to use energy from non-renewable sources. In this sense, the present work aims to collect information to know the perception of the use and investment of a photovoltaic system of the Penedense population. Thus, the perception of a portion of the population to the use, benefit and interest in the acquisition of this photovoltaic system, through a quantitative survey by Google Forms, with sixty respondents. The results showed a significant understanding of the interviewees about the importance of the photovoltaic system in the economy and in the environment.
A comercialização da produção camponesa na feira livre da cidade de Penedo (AL)
(2022) Santos, Kamyly Tereza da Silva; Gomes, Carlos Marcelo Marciel; Gomes, Carlos Marcelo Marciel; Wanderley, Lucas Suassuna de Albuquerque; Lima, Maira Egito Alves de
The open market in the city of Penedo (AL) has great economic, social and environmental importance and is part of the countryside-city relationship. In this bias, the general objective of the research is to analyze the productive dynamics of the open markets in the city of PenedoAL: observing the importance of family farming for the open market and also in the city's economy, as a sustainable means of production; analyzing the city of Penedo-AL as a power to produce its own food products; and, finally, identifying the main subjects and places of origin of the products. The methodology used was through readings, guidelines, records, application of a questionnaire, photographic records and cartographic production. In this way, through the research it was possible to map the origin of the products, most of them outside the municipality of Penedo, and to affirm the open market as a place of resistance in relation to the great logistics of productions and logics of agribusiness, having most of the products marketed made by small producers in the peasant logic.
Mapeamento das áreas verdes urbanas do município de Penedo-AL
(2023) Coutinho, Antonio Pedro Santos; Dória, Bruna Maria Ferrari Machado; Wanderley, Lucas Suassuna de Albuquerque; Wanderley, Lucas Suassuna de Albuquerque; Dória, Bruna Maria Ferrari Machado; Lenz, Tiago de Moraes; França, Márcio Abreu de
The presence of green spaces in urban areas plays a crucial role in minimizing the environmental impacts resulting from the disorganized expansion of cities, thus promoting a better quality of life for inhabitants. The purpose of the research was to map and analyze these green areas in the urban context in Penedo, AL. Using satellite images and fieldwork, these areas were identified and validated. Using tools and data from the Geographic Information System (GIS), they integrated data from green areas with demographic information from the IBGE census (2010). This approach allowed the estimation of indices and the creation of thematic maps that supported the analysis carried out. The green area index was found to be 10.53% of the territory and an index of 24.78 m² of urban green area per inhabitant. It is important to highlight that all mapped areas are private property, therefore, the indices found are only in this private area, indicating the absence of public green spaces for the community in general. It is concluded that the municipality faces a notable deficit of urban green areas, highlighting the urgency of implementing these areas, especially public ones, to ensure the preservation of green spaces in future years.
Análise das fontes e impactos da poluição atmosférica em Penedo-AL
(2025) Santos, Natália Rodrigues dos; Lenz, Tiago de Moraes; Pinheiro, Pablo; Fontenele, Thaline Luize Ribeiro; Lenz, Tiago de Moraes
This study aims to identify the main sources of air pollution in the municipality of Penedo-AL and assess their impacts on human health and the local environment. The research adopted a qualitative approach, combining a literature review with a semi-structured questionnaire applied to the Municipal Secretariat of Environment and Water Resources (SEMARH). The results indicate that the primary sources of air pollution are the sugarcane industry and agricultural burning, which lead to air quality degradation, damage to vegetation, and contamination of soil and water. Respiratory problems are the most common health impacts. SEMARH monitors pollution through public complaints, employing educational measures and fines for repeated offenses. However, the absence of regular awareness campaigns about burning was noted. The study recommends creating green areas, strengthening environmental enforcement, and promoting the use of cleaner public transportation, alongside the adoption of renewable energy sources. Environmental education and strict law enforcement are essential to improving the quality of life in the municipality and ensuring a sustainable future.
Coleta seletiva como alternativa de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos: um estudo de caso em Penedo Alagoas
(2024) Silva, Michael da; França, Márcio Abreu de; França, Márcio Abreu de; Lenz, Tiago de Moraes; Pinheiro, Pablo
This research addresses the importance of selective collection as a crucial component to promote environmental sustainability, focusing on existing practices in the municipality of Penedo, Alagoas. The main objective is to analyze the management of selective waste collection in the city carried out by Recicla Penedo and investigate community participation and their perception in relation to the service provided, aiming to improve it for efficient collection. Given the growing global concern about the increase in solid waste, the research addresses selective collection as a fundamental practice for reducing it, promoting environmental preservation, social inclusion and job creation. In this sense, this study stands out for its urgency in dealing with this issue, aiming to be a catalyst for transformative changes to build a sustainable and conscious future in Penedo and other municipalities. Data collection involved exploratory research and case study, including interviews with the president of Recicla Penedo and residents of the region. The results indicate that, although Recicla Penedo plays a fundamental role in reducing waste in the city, there is a great need to publicize its work. Based on the interviewees' answers, it is possible to affirm that a large part of the population does not collaborate with waste separation, some are unaware of the service provided and environmental awareness is insufficient. It is concluded that effective management depends on public awareness. In response, innovative environmental education strategies are proposed to raise awareness and engage the community, aiming to ensure the continued success of selective collection and contribute to an ecologically balanced environment.
Percepção do uso de agrotóxicos no cultivo de arroz do povoado Ipiranga, Igreja Nova - AL
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-09-15) Liberato, Jamilly Crystini dos Santos; Gomes, Carlos Marcelo Maciel; Lenz, Tiago de Moraes; Lenz, Tiago Moraes; Gomes, Carlos Marcelo Maciel; Barbosa, Ammaury Franklin Benvindo
This work aimed to analyze the use of pesticides in rice plantations in Ipiranga, a village of Igreja Nova, AL, and the impacts generated in the lives of farmers and the environment. Its methodology was composed of two parts, among them a descriptive qualitative research with the completion of a questionnaire and a field visit, in which interviews were conducted with farmers who cultivate rice. When asked about the use of pesticides and the types applied, 100% of respondents said they use such technology, and all use herbicides, 95% use insecticides and 5% use fungicides. About 74% of the interviewees stated that they receive guidance on the use, and the care that should be taken, and the other 26% stated that they do not. When we asked about the storage and disposal of the packages: for the first, 79% stated that they have a specific place for its storage, 16% stated that they have a shed, but not specific for its storage, and 5% stated that they store them in the back of the house; for the second, 5% stated that the packages are collected by the store where they bought the substances, 32% stated that they are collected by the district, 5% stated that they deliver them to one of the aforementioned, 5% keep these packages, 16% throw them in the conventional garbage, 5% keep them, and 37% incinerate them. Regarding the use of some personal protective equipment (PPE), 74% said they used it and 26% said they did not, the most used being: mask (57%), gloves (43%), long pants and closed (43%), long sleeve shirt (29%), boots (21%), hat (21%), and cape (7%). Of those who did, the most common symptoms were: headache (50%), dizziness (50%), skin irritation (37.5%), nausea (25%), chest pain (25%), sleepiness (25%), decreased vision (12.5%), and pain on one side of the body (12.5%). Regarding damage to the environment, 100% of the farmers said that they did not notice any difference in the local vegetation, in the quantity and variety of animal species, and in the quantity and quality of water. In conclusion, farmers use pesticides in their rice fields, even though they have minimal knowledge about their harmful effects. This work suggests the need for public rural assistance policies to make farmers more aware of the use of pesticides in crops.
A influência socioambiental das queimadas na comunidade quilombola do Tabuleiro dos Negros, Penedo (AL)
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-09-14) Santos, Genisson Matheus Elias; Lima, Maria Lilian de Freitas; Lima, Maria Lilian de Freitas; Lenz, Tiago de Moraes; Wanderley, Lucas Suassuna de Albuquerque
The village of Tabuleiro dos negros is surrounded by sugarcane fields, being one of the interiors most affected by the burning of sugarcane. The present work aims to raise the environmental, social and consequently economic impacts of the local residents, together with the laboratory analysis of the soil, to analyze the quality of the soil prior to the burning and after the burning, to verify the loss of its nutrients and matter. organic matter, which are caused by the burning in the sugarcane harvest in the village of the village called Tajar dos negros, located in Penedo, Alagoas. For that, a data collection was carried out with the residents who live in the vicinity of the sugarcane plantations, the same consists of the realization of a questionnaire that will evaluate the perceptible effects in the environment in which the residents feel most affected, the time of the fires. The observations give some references in this regard, namely: contributions of smoke to the emissions of polluting gases in the atmosphere, emergence of diseases due to soot and burning of sugarcane straw that affect health, residents wait in order to that this practice be eliminated through the mechanization of harvesting, in addition to the detriment to biodiversity, and society as a whole. Subsequently, the soil was collected at three main points between the village and the sugarcane fields, the weighing parameters were evaluated, dry and wet, in order to obtain the difference between the soils, before the fire and after the fires, to verify the loss of organic matter.
Esgotamento sanitário e captação de água na zona rural de Igreja Nova, Alagoas: Estudo de caso
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-09-14) Santos, Dalmir Luiz Bispo dos; Lenz, Tiago de Moraes; Lenz, Tiago de Moraes; Lima, Maria Lílian de Freitas; Nobre, Lydayanne Lilás de Melo
Basic sanitation is still a recurrent problem to be dealt with in Brazil, especially in rural areas that have one of the largest deficits in the sectors of water supply and sewage. The precariousness of these services in these areas requires the population to resort to alternative systems such as the use of wells and cesspools, however, these methods make them susceptible to waterborne diseases due to contamination of the wells. Thus, the present work aims to evaluate the quality of the sanitary sewage and water catchment of the Quaresma village, located in the municipality of Igreja Nova, Alagoas. The methodology used consisted in the evaluation of the wells and cesspools of 12 residences in the village, verifying their structure, the distance between them and the microbiological analysis of 5 of the points that had the shortest distances between the cesspools and the wells, in order to verify the presence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli. After the data analysis, it was found that the sanitary sewage and water collection conditions in the village are worrisome. The wells and cesspools presented irregularities in their structures and their distances were shown to be in disagreement with the norms in force, presenting an average of 12.10 meters. The microbiological analysis of the 5 water samples confirmed the presence of total coliforms in all samples and positive results for E.coli in 3 of them, being out of the potability standards established by the legislation. The contamination of these points was associated with the use of absorbent pits, the low distance between the wells and the pits, and the deficiencies in the well structures.
O processo de comercialização do pescado no mercado do peixe e na feira livre de Penedo do ponto de vista do saneamento ambiental
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-09-06) Santos, Jaqueline Vitória Félix; Lima, Maria Lilian Freitas; Lima, Maria Lilian Freitas; Lenz, Tiago de Moraes; Nobre, Lydayanne Lilás de Melo
In Penedo, consumers buy this food through the traditional fairs, this causes a habitual consumption of this food, favoring the constant demand for it. Thus, it is of great importance that there is environmental sanitation for the commercialization, since the fish is a perishable food, and if disposed of incorrectly, generates negative impacts on the environment and the human being. However, in the regions of lower San Francisco, there are numerous records of irregular disposal of solid waste. In this context, the objective of the present study was to understand the process of commercialization of fish in the Fish Market and free trade fair of Penedo from the point of view of basic sanitation. To carry out the methodological procedures, a technical visit was made to the study site to make the first observations related to basic sanitation aspects. After this, new visits were made to conduct interviews with the peddlers/vendors to obtain the information and so be able to gather it and insert it in a single document. In the qualitative observation, it was found that the infrastructure of the Fish Market was inadequate, there were no impermeable floors and stray animals were present. On the other hand, the benches were in good condition, and the presence of sinks and styrofoam boxes was noticed for packaging, if there was a need to store them, after the sale of fresh, however, most sellers use ice as a way of packaging. In addition, it is worth mentioning that most of the interviewees were not using the PPE and did not use the bathroom for personal hygiene and utensils, they had only the aid of buckets and cloths. In addition, there was also the presence of infiltrations, moldy walls, and the presence of countless spiderwebs. In a similar scenario, the fair is also in inadequate conditions, with the presence of stray animals, rusted countertops and scales, styrofoam boxes unsuitable for use, inappropriate utensils and incorrect marketing practices, and incorrect disposal. Thus, it is evident that the activities carried out in these environments urgently need inspections, because the spaces contain precarious sanitary conditions. Therefore, not only the practices of the final destination but also the fulfillment of hygienic-sanitary rules should be evaluated and adjusted so that there is a good use of the fish.
Fósforo em sedimentos superficiais no rio Piauí - AL
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-09-13) Santos Júnior, Doriedson Silva; Santos, Elisangela Costa; Santos, Elisangela Costa; Lima, Maria Lilian de Freitas; Silva, Mariana de Magalhães
With industrial and urban development, human actions have been causing a great degradation in water resources. Environmental indicators, such as sediments, are important in the analysis of the degree of contamination of the aquatic ecosystem, since they can be considered as the memory of a river due to its ability to store information. In this perspective, the present work analyzed the phosphoru concentration in the superficial sediments of the Piauí River, by UV-Vis spectrometry, in addition to the analysis of physical-chemical parameters of the water, aiming to indicate possible impacts such as eutrophication. The results showed that the phosphorus concentrations obtained were not significant to cause an environmental imbalance with the accumulation of this nutrient. Despite this, the analysis of the physical-chemical parameters of the water, carried out in this research, it was not possible to prove possible dangerous substances that may be present in the water body. In this way, it is necessary to carry out more detailed physical-chemical analyzes over the years, understanding the behavior of the Piauí River and possible causes that influence its characteristics.
Caracterização e análise das distribuição espacial das unidades de conservação federais no estado de Alagoas, Brasil
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-03-14) Silva, Christyan Lucas Primo da; Lima, Maira Egito Alves de; Lima, Maira Egito Alves de; Lenz, Tiago de Moraes; Wanderley, Lucas Suassuna de Albuquerque
Conservation units (UC) are protected areas, and function as a means of maintaining ecosystems that have great environmental relevance. Alagoas is a vast and rich state, both culturally and environmentally, and when researching the conservation units in the state, it was realized the need to address the topic: federal UCs. For this, an analysis was made of the territorial distribution of these UCs, and when evaluating them, it was possible to verify the great potentia and the conflicts that they have, interconnecting these concepts and acquiring information, such as the biomes present in the state and where are located, being the Caatinga and Mata Atlântica, the traditional communities that are located within these UCs. The Caatinga is an exclusively Brazilian biome, which has a characteristic vegetation and great biodiversity, having a great richness in species and a soil of fertile variability, being only 7.7% protected by UCs. As a result of deforestation, the Caatinga has been presenting problems of environmental deterioration, in addition to being a poorly studied and protected biome, for such reasons, it is of paramount importance to prioritize the study and protection of such a biome. The Atlantic Forest is not far behind, it is a biome that has great biodiversity and even so has many species at risk of extinction, has frequent problems with fires and deforestation and is only 10% protected by UCs. With this in mind, it is possible to observe that the Alagoas territory has the need and the capacity to create new UCs, since even though there are approximately 50 conservation units in the state, most of them are RPPNs (Private Heritage Reserves), while approximately 20 other UCs are unevenly arranged, favoring the east of Alagoas and the Atlantic Forest with 5 conservation units, while the Sertão and Agreste of Alagoas encompassed by the caatinga are unprotected, with only 1 conservation unit. Thus, coming to the conclusion that it is necessary to create new UCs in order to provide greater protection for the Sertão and Agreste of Alagoas, specifically targeting the Caatinga, because in the current situation it is disproportionate in relation to the Atlantic Forest.
Nível de conhecimento da comunidade acadêmica sobre o descarte dos resíduos gerados pelas atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão do IFAL - Campus Penedo
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-06-09) Ferreira, Bruna Moreira; Lima, Maria Lilian de Freitas; Lima, Maria Lilian de Freitas; Lenz, Tiago de Moraes; Santos, Elisangela Costa
In the São Francisco river basin there are several changes as a result of human actions suffered over time, one of them being the inadequate way of disposing of hazardous waste. As an essential tool for the development of science, research laboratories are a means of proving the scientific knowledge produced in the most diverse areas of the human notion. Despite their importance for the development of science, laboratories are not exempt from contributing to the generation of environmental damage with a high potential for risk. The objective of this work was to characterize the level of knowledge of the academic community on the disposal of waste generated by the teaching and research activities of the Instituto Federal de Alagoas and its impacts on the Lower São Francisco. The methodology adopted is based on the use of a questionnaire to obtain answers about the types of reagents used, the procedures for their disposal and the possible degradations to the environment caused by incorrect disposal. Despite the high level of discernment of technicians and teachers about the proper handling and disposal of each waste used, one of the difficulties encountered was about the lack of monitoring during classes in the laboratory, due to the large number of students. For this, it is concluded the urgency of producing a manual of good practices in the laboratory, as mentioned by the laboratory technicians, where students will be able to obtain the adequate knowledge to handle the reagents within the research environment.
Sistema de gerenciamento de irrigação baseado em arduino para culturas de pequeno porte
(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2023-12-05) Costa, Brenda Paulina; Silva, Alline Gomes Lamenha e; Silva, Alline Gomes Lamenha e; Lenz, Tiago de Moraes; Messias, Alana Jéssica Vilela
Various technological innovations have been used optimize the utilization of the world’s fresh water resources, in an attempt to avoid the scarcity of this essential natural resource. Especially for food production, irrigation management is essential to ensure the sustainability of production. The aim of this work is to develop and evaluate an irrigation management system based on the Arduino platform, intended to reducing water waste. Based on the data collected through moisture sensors in different soil samples, the developed decision algorithm determines when to activate irrigation. By relating electrical resistance with volumetric soil moisture, it is possible to determine when to activate the irrigation pump. Reliable sensor calibration was a fundamental step, enabling more effective irrigation management, enabling the efficient utilization of water and increasing crop yields. In addition, the storage of humidity and temperature data facilitated the creation of a database for future analysis and systeimprovements. This study’s outcomes highlight the viability and potential of the proposed automated irrigation system to improve water use efficiency in local food production, contributing to the sustainability of this process.

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