TCC Engenharia Agronômica
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Item Acúmulo de biomassa em cultivares de sorgo sob duas densidades de plantio no sertão de Alagoas(INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS - Ifal, 2021-10-14) Silva, Raquel Soares da; Cruz, Ellen Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8433613370953519; Souza, Ênio Gomes Flôr; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9225008513028085; Gouveia Neto, Gilberto da Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4102915858451049; Ferraz, André Pereira Freire; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8628-9420; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0500595014121582In the western region of Alagoas, there is an obstacle in the production of food for animals: low productivity, resulting in few stocks of feed for the dry season, which can last for months or years. Dealing with this issue, it is necessary to study different sorghum cultivars that enable the producer to use genetic materials that best develop in his property. There is also the importance of the analysis of planting densities, in order to favor greater growth and productivity to the culture. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the biomass accumulation of sorghum cultivars produced at two planting densities in the western region of Alagoas. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Federal Institute of Alagoas, Piranhas Campus, in dryland cultivation, between June and September 2019, under randomized block design, with treatments arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of four sorghum cultivars, three forage (BRS Ponta Negra, IPA 467, and Chopper) and one grain (IPA 1011), and two planting densities: 187.5 thousand plants ha-1 (three plants per pit every 0.20 m) and 250 thousand plants ha-1 (two plants per pit every 0.10 m). At the pasty/farinaceous grain stage, the following were evaluated: fresh and dry masses of leaves, stem, panicle, and total; percentage of dry mass; and productivity of fresh and dry mass. The planting densities did not influence the aboveground biomass accumulation of the sorghum cultivars. The average dry mass accumulation reached 27.47 g plant-1 in the stem, 17.20 g plant- 1 in the leaves and 7.45 g plant-1 in the panicle. The cultivars BRS Ponta Negra and IPA 467 obtained the highest total values of fresh and dry mass, while Chopper and IPA 1011 accumulated more panicle biomass than the others. The fresh mass yields were 42.84 t ha-1 (BRS Ponta Negra), 39.95 t ha-1 (IPA 467), 28.85 t ha-1 (IPA 1011) and 23.41 t ha-1 (Chopper), with an average dry mass percentage of 28.81 %. In both planting densities studied, the cultivars BRS Ponta Negra, IPA 467 and IPA 1011 constituted genetic materials of high potential for biomass production in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Alagoas.Item Produtividade e crescimento de genótipos de palma forrageira irrigados com água salobra(INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS - Ifal, 2022-03-04) Farias, Mayara França; Silva, Jose Madson da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5749870599305506; Silva, Randerson Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7477067848979919; Gouveia Neto, Gilberto da CruzForage cactus constitutes an important alternative for forage support for the semiarid Northeastern region of Brazil. Accordingly, a worthy mentioning technology to increase its productivity is the suplementar irrigation. This academic work aimed to study the growing and production features of carmine mealybug resistant cactus genotypes, subjected to varying depths of brackish water suplementar irrigation. Experiments procedures were conducted using water collected from the Poço Doce ́s site, located in the minicipality of Piranhas. In terms of methodology, the tests were carried out on a randomized blocks basis with 4 replications in the split-plot scheme, with the plot consisting of five saline water replacement depths: L1 = 0 mm/month, 7.5 mm/month, 15 mm/month, 22, 5 mm/month and 30 mm/month. These aforementioned replacement depths were divided into three monthly applications, and the subportion was composed of the two varieties of forage cactus (Orelha de Elefante Mexicana and Miúda). Using drip tapes to situate the irrigation system, the following characteristics were evaluated: final plants quantity (plants/m2); number of rackets per plant; height and width of plants (m); primary, secondary and tertiary rackets length (cm), width (cm), thickness (mm), and green mass (kg/racket); dry matter percentage and productivity (Mg/ha). We found that optimal forage cactus growth and productivity were achieved for irrigation depth of 15 mm/month. Last, but not least, we concluded that the Orelha de Elefante Mexicana variety showed better growth and productivity characteristics than the Miúda one, and in addition, it presented small percentages of dry matter regardless of the amount of irrigation.Item Qualidade fisiológica de sementes crioulas de feijão-comum provenientes do sertão alagoano(INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS - Ifal, 2024-08-08) Bezerra, Mítila Mayane Silva; Marques, Fabio Jose; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7043-4125; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2597421090332829; Costa, Kleyton Danilo da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3562128215536520; Silva, José Madson da; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-4762; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5749870599305506The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important source of food and income for Brazilian farmers, mainly used for grain production. It is a traditional legume for country families, where it demands lower technological levels to be cultivated, which can, potentially, decrease its productivity and unevenness in the field. Given that, creole seeds play an important role due to their genetic variability, adaptation, and low cost. To guarantee satisfactory performance in the field, as well as their perpetuation, it is crucial that, beyond having desirable genetic characteristics, the seeds present a good physiological potential. Thus, knowing the physiological quality of established creole materials is essential to their conservation, proper use, and good performance. Accordingly, this work aims to assess the physiological quality of creole genotypes of common bean from Alagoas’ semi-arid region. The experiment was conducted in the plant production laboratory at IFAL Piranhas campus, using seven genotypes of P. vulgaris, including six heirlooms from the Poço Doce II community, Piranhas-AL municipality (Carioquinha, Mulatinho, Mulatão, Preto, Leite, and Vagem Roxa) and one commercial variety (BRS-FC-402) as a control, comprising seven treatments. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used, with 7 treatments (seven genotypes) and 4 replications, totaling 28 sample plots. To analyze seed quality, the following tests were performed: Germination Test, evaluating the parameters of Germination, First Germination Count, Seedling Dry Mass, and Seedling Shoot Length; the Tetrazolium Test, evaluating vigor and viability; and the Electrical Conductivity Test. The germination test was based on the Rules for Seed Testing (RAS), and the others were adapted from the book "Seed Vigor: Concepts and Tests." The obtained data were subjected to analysis of variance, and when significant effects were observed by the F-test (p<0.05), the Scott-Knott grouping test was applied at 5% probability. No significant differences were observed among the genotypes in the germination test, first germination count, and vigor by the tetrazolium test. For seedling shoot length, the Preto genotype had the highest value, followed by the Carioquinha and Mulatão genotypes, with the others in the lower-length group. The Vagem-Roxa, Mulatão, and Leite genotypes stood out in terms of seedling dry mass. Regarding viability by the tetrazolium test, only the Mulatão genotype showed significantly lower values. In the electrical conductivity test, the Mulatinho, Carioquinha, Mulatão, and Vagem-Roxa genotypes stood out. The results demonstrate that the seeds of the heirloom bean varieties from the Alagoas backlands exhibited high and comparable physiological quality when compared to the commercial cultivar.Item Silagem a base de capim-elefante, feijão guandu e milho(INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS - Ifal, 2023-12-19) Silva, Mayara da; Costa, Kleyton Danilo da Silva Costa; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4631-3240; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3562128215536520; Silva, Randerson Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7477067848979919; Silva, Jose Madson da; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0237-4762; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5749870599305506; Silva, Michelangelo de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5831953262176334The use of forage conservation techniques plays a fundamental role in animal feeding and nutrition, ensuring the supply of quality food during periods of drought. Ensiling is one of the most used techniques for forage conservation, which consists of the anaerobic fermentation of forage, resulting in the production of lactic acid, inhibiting unwanted microorganisms and preserving the quality of the silage. The appropriate selection of the plant to be ensiled plays an extremely important role, as its composition directly influences the quality of the silage. Silage production using elephant grass, gaundu beans and ground corn emerge as efficient nutritional alternatives due to their nutritional composition, favorable cost-benefit, resistance to adverse weather conditions and potential increase in animal productivity. Therefore, the present work aimed to analyze the chemical composition and fermentative parameters of silage produced with different levels of protein using elephant grass cv. BRS Capiaçu, pigeon pea cv. IPA 43 and ground corn, seeking to highlight which treatment has the best bromatological and fermentative quality. The experiment was set up in a Completely Randomized Design (DIC), with four treatments and five replications, totaling 20 experimental plots. Each treatment presented a different protein level, these being 11, 12, 13 and 14% of crude protein (CP). The fermentation profile was evaluated by measuring °Brix, pH, temperature, dry matter losses through gases (PG) and green matter losses through effluents (PE), in bromatological analysis the CP and Dry Matter contents were determined ( MS). The treatment with 14% CP demonstrated better performance in terms of DM, with 31.8% DM, and PG with 5.38% losses. CP analysis did not indicate losses during the fermentation process. Although the temperature showed a significant difference, all treatments remained within the acceptable temperature range according to the literature, with an average of 25.76°C. The parameters pH, °Brix and PE did not show significant differences between treatments, with averages of 4.41, 6.99 and 1.78 Kg/Mg respectively, remaining at levels suitable for making quality silage. The silage formulation presented adequate bromatological and fermentative parameters at all protein levels. The treatment with 14% protein is the most recommended as it presents a greater amount of dry matter and lower gas losses.