Dissertação Mestrado Profissional em Tecnologias Ambientais
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Item Análise da qualidade de águas subterrâneas dos municípios de Maceió e Rio largo - AL(2024-10-30) Brandão, Iago Gabriel França; Freitas, Alan John Duarte de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7222112856028905; Freitas, Johnnatan Duarte de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4999402869058858; Cabral Júnior, Jório Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7439808091974845; Cabral, Mirelle Márcio Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7765541308045861It is essential to consider the importance of water, a vital resource for life on the planet, when addressing the conservation of its quality. The growing awareness of the health impacts resulting from exposure to a wide range of compounds has led to the strengthening of environmental regulations and policies, such as Ordinance GM/MS No. 888, of May 4, 2021. In recent years, the search for effective ways to reduce environmental impacts has become even greater, since the risk of contamination of water resources is an environmental concern with a major impact on public health. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate and characterize the quality of groundwater, determining some physical-chemical and microbiological parameters. Five wells were selected, where the variables of pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, color, temperature, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chlorides, acidity, total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms were analyzed. Microbiological analyses were performed to assess the presence or absence of total and thermotolerant coliforms. Subsequently, field and laboratory tests were carried out. The results obtained during the tests indicated that the analyzed waters require different treatments, inherent to their specific quality. Well 02 meets all the standards of Ordinance No. GM/MS 888/2021, however, it operated for only 3 months during the year. Samples from wells 01, 03, and 04 meet the various aspects of the ordinance, requiring only chlorine treatability to meet all potability regulations. Well 05 does not meet all the standards of Ordinance No. GM/MS 888/2021, demonstrating samples that exceeded the VMP for turbidity, color, total hardness, and chlorides.Item Análise das características e propriedades do plástico reforçado com fibra de vidro e lodo de estação de tratamento de água na produção de cerâmicas porosas(2024-04-12) Oliveira, Samantha Ferreira Mendonça de; Marques, Sheyla Karolina Justino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3917387578549073; Rapôso, Áurea Luiza Quixabeira Rosa e Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7600867517446003; Peres, Ana Paula da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9975840346577976The generation of waste in the Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics (FRP) industry and in Water Treatment Plants (WTP) is a serious environmental and social problem, due to the lack of areas to dispose of these liabilities, which become secondary raw materials for other industrial processes. In this context, the aim of this research was to analyze the characteristics and properties of GRP particulate (PPRFV) and water treatment plant sludge (LETA) in the production of porous ceramics, in order to obtain a more efficient product in the light of the circular economy. The waste was characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), derivative and differential thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG/DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Experimental traces were used with levels of PPRFV (0%, 4%, 6% and 8%) and LETA (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%), as a partial substitute for clay, in which 10 specimens were molded per composition. The data obtained from the response variables was submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and polynomial regression. PPRFV showed a majority of CaO (47.79%) and SiO2 (36.38%), while LETA showed SiO2 (52.06%) and Al2O3 (29.83%). X-ray diffraction detected the presence of an amorphous halo and the quartz crystalline phase in PPRFV and LETA, in that order. The infrared of the PPRFV allowed functional groups that occur in the chemical structure of epoxy resin to be determined, while the sludge showed absorption bands characteristic of clay minerals. Thermal analysis of the particulate revealed an exothermic event at a temperature of around 450°C and a mass loss of 40.33%. The sludge suffered a total mass loss of 14.83%. SEM micrographs of the particulate revealed the existence of fibrous filaments adhered to the particles with a rough texture, while the sludge showed a chip-like shape, characteristic of materials with an organic and inorganic load. With regard to the technological tests, the experimental mix with 8% PPRFV and 20% LETA emerged as the most promising, showing an increase of 83.84%, 47.36% and 26.67% in the Linear Shrinkage, Water Absorption and Apparent Porosity indices, respectively, compared to the reference mix. The Permeate Flow data confirmed the increase observed in the physical tests, reaching a value of 5,222.27 L/m².h for the experimental mix with the highest percentage of waste. Based on the data obtained, this study proved to be important in the development of a technical product with a view to reintroducing GRP particulates and WTP sludge into the water treatment system at the filtration stage.Item Análise das práticas de segurança do trabalho adotadas por cooperativas de reciclagem de resíduos eletroeletrônicos: um estudo multicasos(2024-01-31) Pimentel, Karine Viviane de Araujo; Cunha, Mônica Ximenes Carneiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1775024859845111; Souza Júnior, Marcilio Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2702843581642246; Cunha, Mônica Ximenes Carneiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1775024859845111; Holanda, Romildo Morant de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4283130448063981The rapid increase in the production of electronic equipment has resulted in an increase in the amount of electronic waste produced annually in the world. To face this problem, in 2010, Brazil developed the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), which included reverse logistics as an instrument to deal with the growing flow of this type of special waste and gave recycling cooperatives a social role in this chain. . In this context, recycling cooperatives began to play an important role in the process of collecting and treating Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). However, if handled and disposed of inappropriately, WEEE can pose environmental and occupational health risks to those who collect these materials. The objective of the research was to analyze the work safety practices adopted by WEEE recycling cooperatives. The methodological procedure was divided into three stages: (1) systematic literature review on occupational safety practices adopted in solid waste cooperatives; (2) multi-case study with 5 (five) WEEE cooperatives; (3) proposal for a manual of good occupational safety practices for WEEE cooperatives. As results, RSL uncovered 71 workplace safety practices, organized into three categories: 1) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), 2) equipment that assists in ergonomics and well-being at work, 3) workplace safety actions and programs work. In the field research, it was possible to identify that the five cooperatives surveyed employed occupational safety practices in their processes and it was observed that, although safety practices are a legitimate concern for cooperative members, they tend to be simplified, with a focus on adoption of PPE as the main measure. Despite this, it was possible to identify actions to analyze work processes, implement specific training and pay attention to the prior analysis of equipment to be dismantled, characterizing safety precautions from the beginning of the process and contributing to the creation of a safety culture. A technical manual with good safety practices for cooperative members was also prepared, directly benefiting workers in the recycling sector with a safer and healthier working environment.Item Análise do desempenho de argamassa de assentamento com substituição parcial do agregado miúdo por embalagens cartonadas trituradas(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-10-20) Carvalho, Juliana Lira Brito de; Marques, Sheyla Karolina Justino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3917387578549073; Souza, Ronny Francisco Marques de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7651317326903869; Rapôso, Áurea Luiza Quixabeira Rosa e Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7600867517446003; Gondim, Priscylla Cinthya Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7727315802596668Due to its composition, post-consumer carton packs have great potential to be used as an input in the manufacture of new products. In this context, this research aimed to analyze the performance of partial replacement of fine aggregate by triturated carton packages in the development of a masonry mortar. The methodology was divided into the following steps: elaboration of a systematic literature review; collection, preparation and comminution of carton packages; characterization of raw materials; definition of the reference and experimental compositions; performance of technological tests; and analysis of results. In the fine aggregate, granulometric analysis was performed. The by-product, Triturated Cartons Packages (ECT), was characterized by Chemical Analysis by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The proportion of 1:6 of volume of cement and fine aggregate was adopted as reference and experimental compositions were determined with substitutions of 5%, 10% and 15% of volume of aggregate by ECT, being molded and tested 5 specimens for each composition. The tests of Consistency Index, Compressive Strength, Water Absorption by Immersion and SEM of Fracture Surface were performed. It was carried out the correlation analysis between the average values of the properties and the percentage of ECT replacement. As for the results of the Consistency Index test, the mortars with ECT replacement showed a small reduction, but they remained in the range presented in the literature. Regarding Compressive Strength, the mortars with replacement of 5%, 10% and 15% showed average values of 7.57 MPa, 6.52 MPa and 6.07 MPa, respectively. Mortars with ECT showed a low rate of Water Absorption by Immersion, when compared to literature data. The statistical analysis revealed that all properties studied have strong correlation with the percentage of ECT replacement. The SEM of the Fractured Surface found the highest number of voids and the presence of microcracks in the samples with the highest percentages of ECT. Finally, the accomplishment of this study proved to be relevant in the context of the development of new technical materials, presenting to the market the mortar with triturated post-consumer carton packages.Item Avaliação da viabilidade técnica, econômica e ambiental da produção de piso intertravado com agregado da concha de sururu(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2023-11-30) Tenório, Arthur Amaral Batista; Marques, Sheyla Karolina Justino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3917387578549073; Rapôso, Áurea Luiza Quixabeira Rosa e Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7600867517446003; Peres, Ana Paula da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9975840346577976In this study, the sustainable reuse of Sururu shells (Mytella falcata) in civil construction was explored, highlighting not only the approach to environmental problems resulting from inadequate disposal, but also the promotion of local partnerships that generate jobs and boost the regional economy. The present invention consisted of analyzing the interlocking floor with partial replacement of the fine aggregate (natural medium sand) with grains of Sururu shells. A sustainable approach was sought, analyzing technical, economic and environmental feasibility. Detailed physicochemical analyzes were carried out, including Granulometry, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (ATG), to characterize the properties of the shells. When defining the concrete mix, a volume ratio of 1:2.33:0.37:2.00:0.43 (cement: sand: crushed stone powder: crushed stone 0: water) was established. Various sand replacement formulations were also examined, varying between 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0%. During laboratory tests, the results met technical specifications favorably. The C-5% composition presented a compressive strength of 37.87 MPa, meeting the technical requirements established by the standard for concrete pieces intended for paving, which requires resistance equal to or greater than 35 MPa. Water absorption tests demonstrated effectiveness in promoting adequate drainage, with water absorption variations within the acceptable range, remaining below 0.77%. These results highlighted the potential of Sururu shells as a source of technical, economic and environmental interest in the manufacture of interlocking pavements. This study not only contributed to the development of innovative technical materials in the interlocking flooring market, but also emphasized the importance of sustainable practices in construction and reinforces the Circular Economy.Item Critérios ESG para gestão de resíduos de MDF em contexto produtivo moveleiro de pequeno porte aplicados à análise da melhoria contínua e operacional(2024-12-12) Silva, Nadine Maria Virgulino da; Rapôso, Áurea Luiza Quixabeira Rosa e Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7600867517446003; Santos, Adriana Paula Quixabeira Rosa e Silva Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0122090275331900; Lins, Patrícia Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6339794487587062; Marques, Sheyla Karolina Justino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3917387578549073Environmental, social and governance practices, better known by the English term Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG), have become increasingly important for companies worldwide, given that these three areas are interconnected and can help companies manage short, medium and long-term risks and opportunities, in addition to increasing transparency and environmental and social responsibility. This work aimed to identify ESG criteria aimed at the management of MDF waste in a small-scale furniture production context for application in the analysis of continuous and operational improvement of the use of the input and internal and/or external reuse. The specific objectives include: understanding the ESG axes, themes and criteria, the concepts of integrated management and waste management, and the relationships between them for the small-scale furniture industry; summarizing Brazilian environmental legislation and technical standards related to waste management; identifying ESG criteria, aimed at continuous improvement of waste management, applicable to the small-scale furniture production context; to characterize the critical points and opportunities of technical operations for generating MDF waste, aiming at the continuous and operational improvement of the use of the input and internal and/or external reuse; to map the processes through operational flowcharts and PDCA cycle. This is an applied research, of a technological nature, with a descriptive and explanatory approach, whose selected methodological procedures were the systematic bibliographic review and documentary analysis, and the field research, developed through a case study. The object and locus of the field research focused on small-scale carpentry in the city of Maceió-AL. As a result, this research contributed to the analysis of waste management through ESG criteria, including the elaboration of a training plan focused on the management of MDF waste in small-scale carpentry.Item Diagnóstico e monitoramento da pesca artesanal marítima na RESEX da Lagoa do Jequiá : integração do conhecimento ecológico local e tecnologias de rastreamento(2025-01-22) Rodrigues, Diego Alexandre Salgueiro; Romero, Renato de Mei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9857771457585862; Araujo, Daniel de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5837261784524743; Sampaio, Cláudio Luis Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2526336992077506; Normande, Iran Campello; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7987532975778534The study addresses artisanal fishing in the Marine Extractive Reserve (RESEX) of Lagoa do Jequiá, highlighting the role of fishers' ethnoecological knowledge and the use of technologies to track fishing activities. The research combined semi-structured interviews, GPS tracking, and fleet counting via drones to understand fishing strategies, spatial patterns, and fishers' perceptions of environmental changes. Six fishing methods and 54 captured species were identified, revealing a strong relationship between the techniques used and the characteristics of the exploited areas. The results indicate that fishing activity is in decline, partly due to the aging fishing population and a lack of infrastructure and government support. The study also suggests that, although no tracked vessels operated within the RESEX, there are indications of fishing in protected areas during the dry season, a hypothesis that requires further investigation. Integrating local knowledge with spatial data is essential for planning marine protected areas, promoting sustainable management, and reducing conflicts between conservation and artisanal fishing.Item Monitoramento e quantificação de agroquímicos na água de poços de abastecimento urbano do município de Maceió (AL)(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-07-29) Silva, José Robério Cavalcante da; Caldas, Celso Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1770252259613367; Freitas, Johnnatan Duarte de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4999402869058858; Calheiros, Altanys Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9353777923030637; Simões Neto, Djalma Euzébio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0915213331108182In recent decades, Brazilian agribusiness has grown positively, placing the country as one of the largest producers and exporters of food, resulting in a potential user of pesticides (agrochemicals) in vegetable crops, thereby reducing losses. However, in terms of health and food safety, there are no significant benefits in relation to the economic sector in Brazil, since poisoning by agrochemicals can be directly or indirectly, leaving the population exposed to acute and chronic diseases. The risk of contamination of these compounds in water resources is also an environmental and public health concern. In this context, the study aimed to estimate the level of contamination of water from domestic supply wells by agrochemicals applied in an urban area in the metropolitan region of the city of Maceió-AL, whose analyzes were carried out according to criteria proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency. - EPA, using liquid and gas chromatography techniques coupled with mass spectrometry. As a result, it was observed that during this study the 27 active principles evaluated were below the limits allowed by Brazilian legislation. As for the risk of water contamination, even with results below the recommended limits, it is recommended that there is a need to implement environmental monitoring programs and measures aimed at protecting public health, since agrochemical parameters are currently established in the evaluations the potability of water for human consumption. The treatment and control of water are, for vital reasons, ways of mitigating the spread of diseases or complications, satisfying the quality standards established for the distribution of water for human consumption.