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    Atravessando os caminhos áridos do ensino de língua portuguesa: um olhar reflexivo sobre as propostas de ensino de gramática em livros didáticos do 6.º ano
    (2025-10-22) Lino , Lara Cavalcante Lima; Silva, Eronilma Barbosa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1899340692310050; Canuto, Hudson Kleber Palmeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371625213976633; Maia, Willianice Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0338504323994119
    Grammar is understood as a system that guides the proper use of language, enabling clear and effective communication. The term “grammar” originates from the Greek grámma , meaning “letter,” which highlights its initial association with writing. In its inception, grammar was primarily linked to regulating reading and writing, but today it is understood from different perspectives. According to Bechara (2009), normative grammar aims to establish rules for the correct use of language, serving as a guide for proper expression. Travaglia (2009), in turn, broadens this notion by considering grammar as a set of knowledge internalized by speakers, even if they do not fully master the standard language. In this sense, it is possible to distinguish different types of grammar—normative, descriptive, historical, and comparative—which focus on various aspects of language, traditionally organized into phonology, morphology, syntax, and, in some cases, semantics.Thus, this study critically analyzes the challenges encountered in the teaching and learning process of Portuguese in a public state school in Maceió, Alagoas, with emphasis on normative and descriptive grammar, based on the analysis of two textbooks used in the 6th grade of Elementary School II. The journey through grammar teaching can be compared to the arid paths in Vidas Secas by Graciliano Ramos: the soil is harsh, the journey requires effort, but from it may arise the most genuine strength of expression, reshaping diverse forms of human interaction. Based on the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC, 2017) and authors such as Antunes (2003; 2014), Possenti (1996), Perini (1997), Travaglia (2009), and Soares (2002), the study problematizes current methodologies and proposes more contextualized practices, making learning meaningful. The qualitative research and literature review reveal that, when disconnected from the real use of language, grammar teaching tends to seem dry and distant. Hence, a teaching practice is advocated that values the communicative and social context of students, allowing grammatical knowledge to become an instrument of expression, understanding, and engagement with the world.