Teses e Dissertações defendidas no IFAL
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Navegando Teses e Dissertações defendidas no IFAL por Orientador "Cavalcante, Marcelo"
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Item Avaliação de resíduo sólido como mulching alternativo e de agrofilmes na produção de alface na região semiárida de Alagoas(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2021-12-30) Barros, José Anderson Soares; Cavalcante, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0221717690546039; Costa, Joao Gomes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2787724876009177; Santos, Márcio Aurélio Lins dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0192590447392368The Soiltain DW® geosynthetic blanket is used in water treatment plants, in water filtration, has a shelf life of three months, in which it is then disposed of in sanitary landfills. Due to its characteristics, it consists of a solid residue with potential for agricultural use, as ground cover. This practice, known as mulching, common in plasticulture in temperate regions, reduces water losses, the incidence of weeds and labor. However, it can promote soil microclimate, especially in tropical and semi-arid regions, causing stress to plants. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of the Soiltain DW® geosynthetic blanket as an alternative mulching and the use of synthetic agrofilms in the production of lettuce cv. ‘Veneranda’ in Arapiraca, semi-arid region of Alagoas, Brazil. Four experiments were carried out between June/2020 and March/2021, in a completely randomized design, with four treatments (geosynthetic blanket, white and black polyethylene mulching, and bare soil) and five replications. The technical viability of the coverings was determined from the evaluation, at the end of each experiment, of the soil temperature, stand and morphoagronomic variables. Univariate and multivariate analyzes and Pearson’s correlations were applied. In the analysis of economic viability, indicators were used, from the cash flows between income and expenses, gross income, net income, profitability index and internal rate of return. There was a significant effect (P<0.05) for the interaction Soil cover x Planting times for all variables, except for root mass, indicating that these factors, together, promote changes in the behavior of lettuce cv. ‘Veneranda’. Univariate and multivariate analyzes showed the influence of mulching on lettuce in the four experiments, indicating that white mulching promoted favorable conditions for the evaluated morphoagronomic variables, promoting the highest yields in all cycles (average 19.9 Mg ha-1 ). Temperature is the response variable that exerted the most negative influence, mainly on stand, in which geosynthetic blanket and black mulching showed similarity, due to greater absorption of solar radiation and stand reduction. There is economic attractiveness for all the coverages studied, as there is a result that provides an economic return on the capital invested from the 2nd cropping cycle, when there is economic coverage of the initial investment value and coverage of the minimum attractiveness rate. The economic analysis showed that the geosynthetic blanket promoted the lowest effective operating costs, intermediate net income and lower profitability only than white mulching in the sum of the four experiments. Therefore, the four treatments evaluated are economically viable, especially white mulching. The Soiltain DW® geosynthetic blanket, solid waste, as it is free and reusable, can be used as an alternative mulching on lettuce cv. ‘Veneranda’, in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Arapiraca/AL.Item Viabilidade técnica da manta geossintética na produção de pimentão em função de diferentes lâminas de irrigação em Arapiraca, Alagoas.(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2020-06-26) Oliveira, Sílvio Serafim; Cavalcante, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0221717690546039; Calheiros, Altanys Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9353777923030637; Prates, Fabiano Barbosa de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6530012770891274; Santos, Márcio Aurélio Lins dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0192590447392368Pepper is among the ten most important vegetables in terms of economic value in Brazil, with Alagoas ranking 7th in the Northeast. The Arapiraca city is responsible for the production of 43.6% of the pepper produced in the State. However, due to the city being inserted in the semiarid region, the use of efficient techniques of use and management of water and soil is of great importance for agricultural activity. For these reasons, aimed, with this research, to evaluate the technical viability of the Soiltain® DW woven geosynthetic under three irrigation levels, in the cultivation of peppers in Arapiraca, Alagoas. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design, being in the main plots three irrigation levels (60, 100 and 150% of ETc) and in the subplots, four soil coverings (SoilTain® DW woven geosynthetic, bare soil, synthetic white and organic Mulchings), with five replications, totaling 12 treatments, with five replications. Agromorphological variables, components of pepper production, and soil temperature were evaluated. There was a significant interaction between the treatments, in which the woven geosynthetic showed superior results to white Mulching in relation to plant heights, stem diameter, leaf width and water use efficiency in the three irrigation depths, together with the bare soil treatments and organic Mulching. The 150% ETc level favored higher plant mortality during the crop development period, with a reduction in the stand, reducing yield, which ranged from 40.33 t ha-1 for white Mulching to 57.18 t ha-1 for organic Mulching. The soil temperature negatively influenced the development of the crop, being higher in white Mulching in all evaluations. The blanket also promoted greater profit and lower production cost and, likewise, the 100% ETc. level. The SoilTain® DW woven geosynthetic is viable as an alternative Mulching, and it is recommended to associate it with the 100% ETc level.Item Viabilidade técnica do uso de topsoil na composição de susbstratos de espécies florestais da caatinga(2023-07-30) Andrade, Adriano Alves de; Cavalcante, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0221717690546039; Santos, Cicero Gomes dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1756791175395693; Pereira, Rodrigo Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5651953026655989Mining is one of the basic sectors of the country's economy. However, it generates large environmental impacts, as well as a large amount of waste. To comply with environmental legislation, the enterprise must present programs for the recovery of degraded areas. The production of seedlings is one of the actions performed, which requires a large volume of substrates, usually commercial, of high cost. The topsoil, the surface layer of the soil, is a residue with physicochemical characteristics with potential for agricultural use, present in large quantities, reaching 33 thousand m3. Therefore, the objective of this research was to know the technical feasibility of topsoil added to commercial substrate for the production of seedlings of four native species of the Caatinga. The experiment was completely randomized in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with five levels of topsoil (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of topsoil replacing the commercial substrate) and four species of Caatinga timbaúba (Enterolobium contorstisiliquum), canafístula (Peltophorum dubium), dry flour (Abarema langsdorfii) and white ipê (Tabebuia roseo-alba). Biometric variables were evaluated to determine the quality of the seedling. Considering the number of leaves, there was no interaction between the factors, in which the species timbaúba (8.0) and ipê branco (8.5) had higher averages, being able to use 100% topsoil. For the diameter of the stem, 13.9 and 10.3% topsoil are the maximum limits for canafistula and dry flour. For the height of the plant, 85.4% topsoil is recommended for Timbaúba. Considering the Dickson quality index, for the canafístula and ipê branco species, 74.1 and 36.1% are the maximum limits of topsoil and, for dry flour and timbaúba, up to 100% can be used. Thus, it will be possible to reduce costs up to 77% in the production of forest seedlings.Item Viabilidade técnica do uso do lodo de estação de tratamento de água na produção de alface(Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas, 2022-06-10) Silva, Jose Luis Tavares da; Cavalcante, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0221717690546039; Costa, Joao Gomes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0449078764189687; Santos, Márcio Aurélio Lins dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0192590447392368In water treatment plants (WTP) procedures are developed that result in water potability, generate a residual by-product called WTP sludge, with polluting potential. The association of WTP sludge to commercial substrates seedling production is presented as an ecologically correct and economically viable alternative. The objective of this research was to analyze the technical feasibility of using WTP sludge added to four commercial substrates in the production of seedlings of five lettuce cultivars and their performance in the field, in Arapiraca, semiarid region of Alagoas. The research was divided into two stages. The 1st, at greenhouse level, the experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, 4 x 4 x 5 factorial scheme, considering the four commercial substrates (Pindstrup®, Vida Verde®, Bioplant 434® and Bioplant 401®), four levels of substrate replacement by sludge (0, 20, 40 and 60%) and five lettuce cultivars (‘Veneranda’, ‘Camila’, ‘Elba’, ‘Vitória Verdinha’ and ‘Diva’), with four replications. It was observed that the percentage of emergence was influenced by the addition of sludge, mainly in the Pindstrup substrate and at a dose of 60%, with 0% emergence. The seedling quality index (SQI) was influenced by the sludge doses, with the addition of up to 20% being recommended. In the 2nd experiment, the seedlings produced in the 1st stage were evaluated at field level, adopting a randomized block design, 3 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme, with three commercial substrates (Vida Verde, Bioplant 434 and Bioplant 401), three levels of substrate replacement by sludge (0, 20 and 40%) and five lettuce cultivars (‘Veneranda’, ‘Camila’, ‘Elba’, ‘Vitória Verdinha’ and ‘Diva’). Biometric variables were analyzed at harvest time, 25 days after transplanting. A triple interaction was observed for plant height, leaf length and yield. In general, all cultivars showed similar productivity (P>0.05) in up to 20% of sludge inclusion, regardless of substrate. Cultivars that had reduced SQI, in the 1st experiment, resumed growth and had similar productivity (0 up to 40% sludge), such as cultivars ‘Camila’ (Vida Verde), ‘Veneranda’ and ‘Diva’ (Bioplant 434) and ‘Veneranda’, ‘Camila’, ‘Elba’ and ‘Vitória Verdinha’ (Bioplant 401). The inclusion of sludge to replace the commercial substrate presents technical feasibility with potential for cost reduction and environmental preservation