Teses e Dissertações defendidas no IFAL

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Navegando Teses e Dissertações defendidas no IFAL por Tipo de Acesso "CC0 1.0 Universal"

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    Cactáceas brasileiras: compostos químicos, farmacologia e potencial biotecnológico
    (INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS - Ifal, 2023-07-28) Lins, Andressa Valéria Ferreira Minin de; Melo, Joabe Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5180399418500159; Oliveira, Tiago Bento de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4362217919311737; Cavalcanti, Deyvson Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1705433658794154; Santos, Josiene Maria Falcão Fraga dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0789229130960422
    Cactaceae is a family of plants whose representatives are known for surviving and occupying the planet's arid and semi-arid climates. To survive in these habitats, this family of plants relies on a series of morphological adaptations, including the modification of leaves into spines, water storage capacity, chlorophyllous stem, etc. In addition to the physical structure to withstand environmental conditions, cacti also have a series of specialized chemicals, known as secondary metabolites, which have several protective properties for plants, but which also have interesting effects on other organisms and which, for this reason, has been widely studied by scientists. Despite the protective machinery with which cacti were equipped, many of them are threatened with extinction, creating a need to preserve them. Many studies investigating the phytochemical profile and pharmacological properties of Brazilian cacti have been carried out, but none have covered all of them. Thus, the research question arose: what has already been discovered about the phytochemistry, pharmacology and biotechnology of cacti in Brazil? The research was carried out with the aim of answering this question using the systematic literature review methodology. The results allowed the construction of a panorama that will serve the future of research with Brazilian cacti that deal with the themes researched here, that is, the pharmacology, phytochemistry and biotechnology of cactuses in Brazil. Phytochemical information was found for 50 cacti, pharmacological information for 31 cacti and patents for 18 cacti. The unfolding of this process took place in chapter one of this dissertation, which was organized into two chapters, the second being the unfolding of the technical and technological product, which expressed the desire not to imprison the information presented here within the walls of the academy. The product was the teaching material entitled “Cacti around me”, which is an informative material about how cacti are present in different scenarios and products in Brazil, as well as the ecological importance of the botanical family Cactaceae.
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    Cactáceas medicinais brasileiras: diversidade ecológica, usos e potencial farmacológico
    (INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS - Ifal, 2023-01-27) Silva, Karine Gabriela Santos; Melo, Joabe Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5180399418500159; Santos, Josiene Maria Falcão Fraga dos; Oliveira, Tiago Bento de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4362217919311737; Cavalcanti, Deyvson Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1705433658794154
    The Cactaceae family has a great diversity of species. In Brazil, it has occurrence of 81 genera and 483 species, in which 15 genera and 206 species are endemic, with 37 genera and 275 species native to the country. Cacti have different uses and applications in different cultures around the world, being used as a human food resource, ornamental, forage, lumber, recreational, mystical, medicinal, among others; being widely used by man in folk medicine around the world. However, no specific study for the Cactaceae family, encompassing the species used for medicinal purposes throughout Brazil had yet been carried out, so there is a gap. Which species of the cactaceae family are used medicinally by the Brazilianpopulation? What properties do they have? Considering the importance of knowing the diversity of plants with therapeutic purposes, their uses and the potential of Cactaceae species, this study aims to carry out a survey in order to respond to these problems, bringing a historical- cultural context regarding the use of the family for medicinal purposes in Brazil. Therefore, the research was carried out through a literature review, followed by several data analyses. Thirty-four species of Cactaceae that are used medicinally in Brazil were recognized, with the most frequent species being: Cereus jamacaru, Opuntia ficus-indica, Melocactus zehntneri, Xiquexique gounellei and Harrisia adscendens; the first corresponding to 52.9% of the total works analyzed in this study. The most common therapeutic indications for cacti in Brazil were: “kidney problems”, “cough”, “flu”, “fever”, “inflammation” and “bronchitis”. Two species showed a high relative importance index (RI): Cereus jamacaru - RI 2.0, which was also the most versatile species, followed by Opuntia ficus- indica - RI 1.132. The phytochemical compounds and pharmacological actions of the species were characterized in a survey carried out. A variety of medicinal cactus species were identified that are known and used throughout the country, related to the treatment of various health problems in different body systems. Studies such as this one help to protect traditional knowledge, favoring the conservation of floristic biodiversity.
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    Desenvolvimento da carcinicultura marinha familiar no agreste de alagoas : avanços e desafios para uma produção sustentável
    (INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS - Ifal, 2023-01-23) Lemos, Fernanda Gomes; Bordinhon, André Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0982411313292542; Araujo, Daniel de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5837261784524743; Tamano, Luana Tieko Omena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4206868438935017; Pontes, Cibele Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3943018673158703
    In Brazil, for many years, the production of marine shrimp was associated with estuarine, apicum, and mangrove regions. However, the last few years have been marked by a pronounced expansion to inland regions, an activity known as marine carciniculture. In the state of Alagoas, Northeast of Brazil, the harsh climate region has the newest Brazilian centers of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp production in continental waters: Arapiraca, Craíbas, Coité do Nóia, Feira Grande, Girau do Ponciano, Igaci, Lagoa da Canoa, Limoeiro de Anadia, Olho D'Água Grande and Taquarana. For these municipalities, the activity emerged as an alternative for generation of employment and income for farmers who suffered and still suffer with the decline of agricultural production due to the disuse of land, by the salinization of water from rivers, creeks, and artesian wells. As it is relatively recent in the region, there are few records about its implementation. In view of this, the objective was to characterize the carciniculture in the harsh climate region of Alagoas by the investigation of its participants and its ways of production. To accomplish this task, 40 family farmers were interviewed by using a semi-structured questionnaire. In addition, free observations were made and informal accounts were collected during the years 2020 to 2022. From this, it was found that local carciniculture started a little over three years ago and only in 2018 gained commercial character having presented annual income of up to $ 300,000.00. The activity in the municipalities of Alagoas has been done with the help of technical advice, and with the construction pattern of nurseries from other production centers, similar to the systems implemented in the state of Paraíba. The farmers, with the help of professionals and knowledge acquired over time, have adapted to the new productive activity, when comparing the methodology implemented in harsh climate region of Alagoas with other regions, is possible to identify peculiarities, the ties and bonds created between those involved and the work environment. Some curiosities also draw attention, such as the variations in stocking densities observed in different poles, something common in all poles is the decrease in stocking density in rainy periods, high rainfall that resulted in decreased water temperature, which can contribute to the proliferation of pathogens in the culture environment. The analysis of the questionnaires showed that male family farmers represent 82.5% of the total of producers in the harsh climate region, while women correspond only to 17.5%. Both sexes work in the activity, on average, 8 hours a day. The size of the evaluated farms varies between 1 to 50 hectares, and the ponds built on them are between 1000 m2 and 4000 m2, with an average production of 500 kg to 4500 kg per month per farm. The price per kilogram of shrimp sold varied between $ 12.51 and R$ 13.64, being influenced by the time of the year, among other factors. It was evidenced that the poles with greater productive relevance are: Arapiraca, Coité do Nóia, Igaci and Limoeiro de Anadia. Among the interviewees, few (17.5%) have carciniculture as their main source of income, in their majority, the family farmers diversify the agricultural production to get enough income for subsistence. From the interviews, it was possible to identify that more than 50% of the owners received technical assistance in the last year. Since this is a fairly new activity, it is still not known for sure which impacts or environmental damage may be caused in the long term by the activity in this region. In this sense, most of the family farmers affirm that they have never been visited by environmental inspection agencies. Despite this, all are aware of the importance of environmental licensing and claim to be a significant step for shrimp production. Regarding the discharge of effluents, most (55%) of the farmers perform water treatment before discharge into water bodies. However, most family farmers (80%) do not consider the water generated from the ponds harmful to the environment. In fact, technical assistance was one of the key factors for the consolidation and success of the productive activity in the region. It was possible to observe from the farmers' reports how starting with technical assistance made all the difference. The data collected from the interviewees were compared with the data collected from the secretaries, it was possible to notice that the environmental and governmental organs linked to the carciniculture activity still don't have, or in their majority, with limited information, what can have repercussions, directly, in a negative way, in the development of public policies directed to marine Carciniculture. In addition, it is possible to verify the existence of barriers to the strengthening of the activity, being the issues related to environmental licensing the most relevant, among them: difficulties in finding qualified professionals to perform the services, the high fees charged, the slowness of the environmental inspection agencies.
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    O que sabemos sobre a governança ambiental em áreas protegidas? : Tendências e direcionamentos
    (INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS - Ifal, 2023-07-27) Santos, Henrique da Silva; Romero, Renato de Mei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9857771457585862; Schiavetti, Alexandre; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7401911259032572; Melo, Joabe Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5180399418500159
    Environmental governance can be defined as the interaction between structures, processes, and traditions that determine how power and responsibilities are exercised by stakeholders, for which various governance instruments can be used. Its use has grown in recent years, especially in protected areas. Here, our objective was to analyze the articles indexed in two databases – Web of Science and Scopus – on environmental governance in protected areas, to establish an overview of the studies worldwide. For this, scientometrics, a methodology linked to metrics, can trace scientific advances over time. Data were processed in software RStudio and Excel. Chloropleth maps were also prepared in the program QGIS 3.22.16. The study is divided into a literature review; study design, data collection, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The search time interval was 1999-2022. As a result, 768 articles were in the two databases, distributed in 222 journals, being carried out by 2555 authors. The USA, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, and Indonesia were the countries that most stood out in scientific production. As expected, most studies fall within the governance and methodological categories. The results indicate that the use of scientometric analysis proved to be important in identifying and monitoring research on environmental governance in protected areas. The evaluation of the knowledge produced is a necessity for all sectors that carry out research, as it is possible to infer new areas of investigation, as well as to determine and point out gaps in knowledge.
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    Viabilidade técnica do uso de topsoil na composição de susbstratos de espécies florestais da caatinga
    (INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE ALAGOAS - Ifal, 2023-07-30) Andrade, Adriano Alves de; Cavalcante, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0221717690546039; Santos, Cicero Gomes dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1756791175395693; Pereira, Rodrigo Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5651953026655989
    Mining is one of the basic sectors of the country's economy. However, it generates large environmental impacts, as well as a large amount of waste. To comply with environmental legislation, the enterprise must present programs for the recovery of degraded areas. The production of seedlings is one of the actions performed, which requires a large volume of substrates, usually commercial, of high cost. The topsoil, the surface layer of the soil, is a residue with physicochemical characteristics with potential for agricultural use, present in large quantities, reaching 33 thousand m3. Therefore, the objective of this research was to know the technical feasibility of topsoil added to commercial substrate for the production of seedlings of four native species of the Caatinga. The experiment was completely randomized in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with five levels of topsoil (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of topsoil replacing the commercial substrate) and four species of Caatinga timbaúba (Enterolobium contorstisiliquum), canafístula (Peltophorum dubium), dry flour (Abarema langsdorfii) and white ipê (Tabebuia roseo-alba). Biometric variables were evaluated to determine the quality of the seedling. Considering the number of leaves, there was no interaction between the factors, in which the species timbaúba (8.0) and ipê branco (8.5) had higher averages, being able to use 100% topsoil. For the diameter of the stem, 13.9 and 10.3% topsoil are the maximum limits for canafistula and dry flour. For the height of the plant, 85.4% topsoil is recommended for Timbaúba. Considering the Dickson quality index, for the canafístula and ipê branco species, 74.1 and 36.1% are the maximum limits of topsoil and, for dry flour and timbaúba, up to 100% can be used. Thus, it will be possible to reduce costs up to 77% in the production of forest seedlings.