2025-07-072025-07-072025https://repositorio.ifal.edu.br/handle/123456789/1033Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), a member of the Poaceae family, is one of the most important agricultural crops for the global economy, with approximately 114 varieties cultivated in Brazil. The country is currently the world's largest sugar exporter, having historically consolidated its position as a powerhouse in the sugar-energy sector since the colonial period. In view of this, this study aimed to conduct a literature review in the Scielo, Google Scholar and Capes journals databases, addressing the stages of the crystal sugar production process, identifying the main challenges faced by the industry and analyzing its current economic scenario. Sugarcane processing involves the stages of grinding, clarification, filtration, evaporation, crystallization, centrifugation and drying, culminating in the formation of sugar crystals. In addition to sugar, production generates by-products such as molasses, filter cake, bagasse and vinasse, with applications in bioenergy, animal nutrition and fertilization. In the 2023/2024 harvest, just over 35 million tons of sugar were exported, demonstrating the high relevance of this trade for the country. This scenario highlights the continued need for technological innovation, sustainable agricultural practices and public policies that encourage the balanced development of the sugar-energy sector, in addition to the integration of technology and science to promote sustainable development.ptSustentabilidade. Produção IndustrialCana-de-açúcarSetor SucroenergéticoTrabalho de Conclusão de CursoENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA