2025-07-212025-07-212025https://repositorio.ifal.edu.br/handle/123456789/1080Access to basic sanitation and drinking water is an essential right that guarantees quality of life and promotes social development. The UN highlights its importance in preventing waterborne diseases and protecting public health. In this context, this work aims to analyze the importance of water treatment for public health. To this end, bibliographical research was carried out with analysis of scientific articles and course completion papers, using keywords related to sanitation and public health. The work presents the concept of drinking water and its quality parameters, highlighting physical, chemical and microbiological aspects that directly influence the health of the population, with an emphasis on Brazilian legislation. Furthermore, the impact of the lack of sanitation and water treatment in Brazil is discussed, with alarming data on hospitalizations and inequality of access between regions. The study concludes by emphasizing that investing in basic sanitation is fundamental to guaranteeing health, reducing public spending and promoting social well-being.ptÁgua PotávelQualidadeSaneamento BásicoSaúde Pública.Trabalho de Conclusão de CursoENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA::TRATAMENTO DE AGUAS DE ABASTECIMENTO E RESIDUARIAS